Efficient Production of Dried Whole Peanut Fruits Based on Infrared Assisted Spouted Bed Drying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Drying Methods
2.2.1. HD Process
2.2.2. ID Process
2.2.3. IR-SBD Process
2.3. Drying Characteristics Analysis
2.4. Microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.5. Texture Analysis
2.6. Porosity Measurement
2.7. Fatty Acid Determination
2.8. Energy Consumption
2.9. Statistics Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Drying Curves
3.2. Microstructure Change
3.3. Hardness
3.4. Porosity
3.5. Fatty Acids
3.6. Energy Consumption
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drying Method | Drying Temperature (°C) | Drying Time (h) | Drying Energy Consumption (kW·h) |
---|---|---|---|
IR-SBD | 50 | 10.67 ± 0.32 a | 12.84 ± 0.49 a |
55 | 9.23 ± 0.25 b | 11.18 ± 0.39 b | |
60 | 8.34 ± 0.23 c | 10.03 ± 0.31 c | |
65 | 7.26 ± 0.23 d | 8.71 ± 0.28 d | |
70 | 6.12 ± 0.21 e | 7.34 ± 0.25 e | |
75 | 5.50 ± 0.16 f | 7.29 ± 0.22 f | |
80 | 5.01 ± 0.12 g | 7.87 ± 0.29 g |
HD | ID | IR-SBD | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
drying time (h) | 10.10 ± 0.32 a | 9.11 ± 0.26 b | 6.07 ± 0.22 c | <0.05 | |
Hardness(n) | peanut kernel | 3256.25 ± 206.68 a | 3607.22 ± 221.97 b | 3548.49 ± 229.65 b | <0.05 |
peanut shell | 1879.02 ± 69.63 a | 1855.15 ± 91.49 a | 1831.33 ± 72.04 a | >0.05 | |
Porosity (%) | peanut kernel | 61.88 ± 4.85 a | 68.81 ± 5.53 b | 71.15 ± 4.10 b | <0.05 |
peanut shell | 91.73 ± 5.64 a | 89.33 ± 4.86 b | 96.24± 5.92 c | <0.05 | |
Fatty acids (%) | 77.85 ± 4.21 a | 76.57 ± 4.15 a | 82.13 ± 4.35 b | <0.05 | |
Energy consumption (kW·h) | 13.31 ± 0.53 a | 11.52 ± 0.48 b | 7.21 ± 0.23 c | <0.05 |
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Zhu, K.; Li, L.; Ren, G.; Duan, X.; Cao, W.; Qiu, C. Efficient Production of Dried Whole Peanut Fruits Based on Infrared Assisted Spouted Bed Drying. Foods 2021, 10, 2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102383
Zhu K, Li L, Ren G, Duan X, Cao W, Qiu C. Efficient Production of Dried Whole Peanut Fruits Based on Infrared Assisted Spouted Bed Drying. Foods. 2021; 10(10):2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102383
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Kaiyang, Linlin Li, Guangyue Ren, Xu Duan, Weiwei Cao, and Caixia Qiu. 2021. "Efficient Production of Dried Whole Peanut Fruits Based on Infrared Assisted Spouted Bed Drying" Foods 10, no. 10: 2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102383