Carotenoids from Foods of Plant, Animal and Marine Origin: An Efficient HPLC-DAD Separation Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reagents and Standards
2.2. Instrumentation
2.3. Extraction of Carotenoids from Various Matrices
2.3.1. Tomato Waste
2.3.2. Foods of Animal (Duck and Goose Egg Yolks) and Marine (Penaeus kerathurus Prawn) Origin
2.4. HPLC Analysis of Carotenoids
2.5. Identification and Quantification of Carotenoids
2.6. Determination of Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limits of Quantification (LOQ)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. HPLC Analysis of Carotenoids in Tomato Waste Extract
Peak No. | Compound | RT(min) | λ (nm)Found | λ (nm) Reported | Q-Ratio Found | Q-Ratio Reported | k | α | Content (μg/100 g Dry Basis ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[7,13,14,16,18,19] | [7,13,14,16,18,19] | ||||||||
1 | All- trans-lutein | 3.37 ± 0.04 | 423, 447, 477 | 422, 446, 476 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.53 | 2.06 | 39.14 ± 0.21 |
2 | 9- cis-lutein | 4.94 ± 0.06 | 350, 420, 442, 474 | 356, 428, 446, 476 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 17.59 ± 0.05 |
3 | 13 -cis-lutein | 5.91 ±0.09 | 376, 437, 458, 485 | 374, 434, 458, 488 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 1.69 | 1.51 | 42.69 ± 0.03 |
4 | All- trans-β-carotene | 7.97 ± 0.03 | 428, 454, 482 | 458, 482 | - | 0.12 | 2.62 | 1.15 | 48.48 ± 0.92 |
5 | 9 -cis-β-carotene | 8.90 ± 0.08 | 340, 449, 480 | 344, 452, 476 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 3.04 | 1.88 | 4.24 ± 0.01 |
6 | 13- cis-β-carotene | 15.09 ± 0.05 | 345, 451, 479 | 344, 422, 458, 476 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 5.86 | 2.15 | 4.42 ± 0.01 |
7 | All- trans-lycopene | 30.23 ± 0.20 | 450, 476, 507 | 452, 476, 506 | - | 0.06 | 12.74 | 2.15 | 64.84 ± 0.87 |
3.2. HPLC Analysis of Carotenoids in Avian (Duck and Goose) Egg Yolks
Peak No. | Compound | RT(min) | λ (nm) found | λ (nm) reported | Q-Ratio Found | Q-Ratio Reported | k | α | Content (mg/100 g Wet Weight) [ 11] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[7,13,16,20,21,22] | [7,13,16,20,21,22] | Duck | Goose | |||||||
1 | All- trans zeaxanthin | 2.75 ± 0.08 | 429, 450, 478 | 424, 454, 478 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 1.11 | 3.52 ± 0.80 | 6.22 ± 1.53 |
2 | Neolutein ( cis isomer of lutein) | 2.82 ± 0.02 | 330, 422, 443, 471 | 332, 442 | 0.24 | - | 0.63 | 1.77 | 1.50 ± 0.49 | - |
3 | All- trans lutein | 3.36 ± 0.05 | 425, 448, 476 | 426, 448, 472 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.89 | 1.57 | 9.88 ± 1.10 | 5.16 ± 0.61 |
4 | All- trans canthaxanthin | 4.07 ± 0.06 | 428, 454, 480 | 428, 452, 478 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 1.02 | 1.60 | 4.76 ± 3.41 | 3.84 ± 2.64 |
5 | β-Cryptoxanthin | 5.24 ± 0.02 | 428, 450, 477 | 428, 454, 480 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 1.47 | 1.92 | - | 1.17 ± 0.17 * |
6 | All- trans-β-carotene | 8.12 ± 0.02 | 433, 455, 481 | 426, 454, 478 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 2.83 | 1.92 | ** | 0.27 ± 0.02 |
3.3. HPLC Analysis of Shrimp Carotenoids
Peak No. | Compound | RT(min) | λ (nm) Found | λ (nm) Reported | Q-Ratio Found | Q-Ratio Reported | k | α | mg/100 g Cephalothorax | mg/100 g Muscle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[20,21,23,24,25,26] | [20,21,23,24,25,26] | |||||||||
1 | All- trans zeaxanthin | 2.53 ± 0.03 | 429, 450, 478 | 424, 454, 478 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 1.0 | 2.29 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.03 |
2 | All- trans lutein | 2.96 ± 0.06 | 425, 448, 476 | 426, 448, 472 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 1.63 | 2.65 ± 0.05 | 0.32 ± 0.02 |
3 | All- trans canthaxanthin | 4.55 ± 0.09 | 428, 454, 480 | 428, 452, 478 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 1.45 | 2.43 | 4.12 ± 0.07 | 0.73 ± 0.03 |
4 | β-Cryptoxanthin | 5.26 ± 0.03 | 428, 450, 477 | 425, 454, 478 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.83 | 1.26 | 0.37 ± 0.02 a | - |
5 | α -Cryptoxanthin | 5.95 ± 0.05 | 427, 447, 472 | 423, 446, 473 | - | 0.06 | 2.21 | 1.20 | ||
6 | Unidentified astaxanthin cis-isomer | 6.74 ± 0.05 | 474 | - | 0.18 | - | 2.63 | 1.19 | 2.70 ± 0.05 b | 0.42 ± 0.02 b |
7 | Unidentified astaxanthin cis-isomer | 7.21 ± 0.07 | 475 | - | 0.11 | - | 2.89 | 1.10 | ||
8 | Unidentified astaxanthin cis-isomer | 7.84 ± 0.04 | 475 | - | 0.07 | - | 3.23 | 1.12 | ||
9 | (3 R,3′R)-trans-astaxanthin | 8.83 ± 0.09 | 478 | 477.6 | - | - | 3.76 | 1.16 | ||
10 | Unidentified astaxanthin cis-isomer | 11.39 ± 0.06 | 474 | - | 0.11 | - | 5.14 | 1.37 | ||
11 | (3 S,3′S)-trans-astaxanthin | 11.98 ± 0.03 | 479 | 478.8 | - | - | 5.46 | 1.06 | ||
12 | Unidentified astaxanthin ester | 16.07 ± 0.07 | 481 | 482.5 | - | - | 7.67 | 1.40 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.01 |
13 | Unidentified astaxanthin ester | 20.05 ± 0.05 | 483 | 482.5 | - | - | 9.82 | 1.28 | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
4. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strati, I.F.; Sinanoglou, V.J.; Kora, L.; Miniadis-Meimaroglou, S.; Oreopoulou, V. Carotenoids from Foods of Plant, Animal and Marine Origin: An Efficient HPLC-DAD Separation Method. Foods 2012, 1, 52-65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1010052
Strati IF, Sinanoglou VJ, Kora L, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S, Oreopoulou V. Carotenoids from Foods of Plant, Animal and Marine Origin: An Efficient HPLC-DAD Separation Method. Foods. 2012; 1(1):52-65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1010052
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrati, Irini F., Vassilia J. Sinanoglou, Lintita Kora, Sofia Miniadis-Meimaroglou, and Vassiliki Oreopoulou. 2012. "Carotenoids from Foods of Plant, Animal and Marine Origin: An Efficient HPLC-DAD Separation Method" Foods 1, no. 1: 52-65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1010052