The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Rational Meta Analysis
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Research Methodology
2.3. Screening Methodology
3. Results
Study Characteristics and Data Extraction
4. Data Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- Periodontitis, characterized by local inflammation and bacterial invasion, is one of the main causes of dental loss in adults. Local chronic inflammation could lead to the precipitation of β-amyloid (supported by a subacute inflammatory process at the CNS level). Furthermore, it is well known that different species of bacteria, endotoxins, and cytokines can reach the CNS.
- Dental elements are important in the masticatory process; good masticatory capacity contributes to increased cerebral blood flow with increased oxygenation, and therefore has a protective role.
- Dental loss also leads to decreased quality of feeding with decreased intake of vitamins and nutrients, which are important for the health of the CNS [47].
- AD and periodontitis (one of the main causes of dental loss) share common genetic factors, for example, polymorphism of interleukin 1A-B [48].
- Dental elements are also involved in proprioception, and an association between their loss and a decreased number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus has been shown in a mouse model [49].
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Keywords | PubMed | EBSCO | Web of Science | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alzheimer’s disease AND periodontal | 109 records | 131 records | 117 records | 357 records |
Alzheimer’s disease AND periodontitis | 86 records | 103 records | 84 records | 273 records |
dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) | 163 records | 180 records | 185 records | 528 records |
“Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss” | 186 records | 254 records | 192 records | 632 records |
“dementia” AND “edentulous” | 40 records | 51 records | 28 records | 119 records |
“Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous” | 7 records | 9 records | 3 records | 19 records |
“dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss” | 232 records | 359 records | 246 records | 837 records |
Total | 823 records | 1087 records | 855 records | 2765 records |
Case Control, Author, Date | Dementia Group (AD) | Control Group | Missing Teeth AD | Missing Teeth Control |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chun et al. 2015 | 59 | 59 | 1115 | 1080 |
Warren et al. 1997 | 45 | 133 | 990 | 2527 |
Gil-Montoya et al. 2014 | 180 | 229 | 3006 | 3343 |
Zenthòfer et al. 2015 | 33 | 60 | 676 | 1230 |
Aragòn et al. 2018 | 70 | 36 | 1470 | 299 |
Nordenram et al. 1996 | 34 | 35 | 639 | 638 |
Case Control, Author Date | Dementia Group (AD) | Control Group | Edentulous AD | Edentulous Control |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chun et al. 2015 | 59 | 59 | 10 | 8 |
Warren et al. 1997 | 45 | 133 | 18 | 42 |
De Souza Rolim et al. 2013 | 29 | 30 | 10 | 13 |
Nordenram et al. 1996 | 34 | 35 | 7 | 6 |
Gil-Montoya et al. 2016 | 240 | 324 | 95 | 60 |
Rai et al. 2010 | 20 | 32 | 4 | 11 |
Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Score | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case Control Study | Definition of Cases | Representativeness of Cases | Selection of Controls | Definition of Controls | Age | Gender | Assessment of Oral Health | Same Method Cases and Controls | Nonresponse Rate | Total |
Chun et al. 2015 | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | 5 |
Warren et al. 1997 | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | 7 |
Gil-Montoya et al. 2014 | + | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | 7 |
Zenthòfer et al. 2015 | − | − | + | − | + | − | + | + | − | 4 |
Aragòn et al. 2018 | + | + | − | + | − | + | + | + | − | 6 |
Nordenram et al. 1996 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | 8 |
Rai et al. 2010 | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | 5 |
Gil-Montoya et al. 2016 | + | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | 6 |
De Souza Rolim et al. 2013 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | 8 |
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Dioguardi, M.; Di Gioia, G.; Caloro, G.A.; Capocasale, G.; Zhurakivska, K.; Troiano, G.; Lo Russo, L.; Lo Muzio, L. The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies. Dent. J. 2019, 7, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7020049
Dioguardi M, Di Gioia G, Caloro GA, Capocasale G, Zhurakivska K, Troiano G, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L. The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies. Dentistry Journal. 2019; 7(2):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7020049
Chicago/Turabian StyleDioguardi, Mario, Giovanni Di Gioia, Giorgia Apollonia Caloro, Giorgia Capocasale, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Giuseppe Troiano, Lucio Lo Russo, and Lorenzo Lo Muzio. 2019. "The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies" Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7020049
APA StyleDioguardi, M., Di Gioia, G., Caloro, G. A., Capocasale, G., Zhurakivska, K., Troiano, G., Lo Russo, L., & Lo Muzio, L. (2019). The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies. Dentistry Journal, 7(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7020049