Calculus as a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: Narrative Review on Treatment Indications When the Response to Scaling and Root Planing Is Inadequate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Initial Therapy
3. Debridement and the Removal of Calculus
4. Calculus as a Risk Factor for Periodontal Degeneration
5. Reevaluation after Scaling and Root Planing
6. Treatment Recommendation Based on Reevaluation of Therapy
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Periodontal Disease Stage | Pocket Probing Depth | Interproximal Attachment Loss (CAL) | Type of Bone Loss | Percent Bone Loss | Number of Teeth Lost | Other Factors | Probable Treatment Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I | 4 mm or less | 1 to 2 mm | Mostly Horizontal | Up to 15% | None | None | SRP |
Stage II | 5 mm or less | 4 to 5 mm | Mostly Horizontal | 15–33% | None | Minimal | SRP and/or Advanced |
Stage III | 6 mm or Greater | 5 mm or Greater | Vertical and Horizontal | More than 33% | 4 or Less | Many | SRP and Advanced |
Stage IV | 6 mm or Greater | 5 mm or Greater | Vertical and Horizontal | More than 33% | 5 or more | Many and Complex | SRP and Advanced |
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Harrel, S.K.; Cobb, C.M.; Sheldon, L.N.; Rethman, M.P.; Sottosanti, J.S. Calculus as a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: Narrative Review on Treatment Indications When the Response to Scaling and Root Planing Is Inadequate. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100195
Harrel SK, Cobb CM, Sheldon LN, Rethman MP, Sottosanti JS. Calculus as a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: Narrative Review on Treatment Indications When the Response to Scaling and Root Planing Is Inadequate. Dentistry Journal. 2022; 10(10):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100195
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarrel, Stephen K., Charles M. Cobb, Lee N. Sheldon, Michael P. Rethman, and John S. Sottosanti. 2022. "Calculus as a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: Narrative Review on Treatment Indications When the Response to Scaling and Root Planing Is Inadequate" Dentistry Journal 10, no. 10: 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100195