Deep Learning-Assisted Index Estimator for Generalized LED Index Modulation OFDM in Visible Light Communication
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
Photonics 2021, 8(5), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050168
Received: 1 April 2021
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Revised: 16 May 2021
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Accepted: 17 May 2021
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Published: 19 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visible Light Communication (VLC))
In this letter, we present the first attempt of active light-emitting diode (LED) indexes estimating for the generalized LED index modulation optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (GLIM-OFDM) in visible light communication (VLC) system by using deep learning (DL). Instead of directly estimating the transmitted binary bit sequence with DL, the active LEDs at the transmitter are estimated to maintain acceptable complexity and improve the performance gain compared with those of previously proposed receivers. Particularly, a novel DL-based estimator termed index estimator-based deep neural network (IE-DNN) is proposed, which can employ three different DNN structures with fully connected layers (FCL) or convolution layers (CL) to recover the indexes of active LEDs in a GLIM-OFDM system. By using the received signal dataset generated in simulations, the IE-DNN is first trained offline to minimize the index error rate (IER); subsequently, the trained model is deployed for the active LED index estimation and signal demodulation of the GLIM-OFDM system. The simulation results show that the IE-DNN significantly improves the IER and bit error rate (BER) compared with those of conventional detectors with acceptable run time.
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Keywords:
visible light communications; deep learning; bit error rate; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; index modulation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Le-Tran, M.; Kim, S. Deep Learning-Assisted Index Estimator for Generalized LED Index Modulation OFDM in Visible Light Communication. Photonics 2021, 8, 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050168
AMA Style
Le-Tran M, Kim S. Deep Learning-Assisted Index Estimator for Generalized LED Index Modulation OFDM in Visible Light Communication. Photonics. 2021; 8(5):168. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050168
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe-Tran, Manh, and Sunghwan Kim. 2021. "Deep Learning-Assisted Index Estimator for Generalized LED Index Modulation OFDM in Visible Light Communication" Photonics 8, no. 5: 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050168
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