Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser
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Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
2
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
3
Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2017, 4(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010019
Received: 6 February 2017
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Revised: 6 March 2017
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Accepted: 8 March 2017
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Published: 14 March 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme UV Lasers: Technologies and Applications)
Studying ultrafast processes on the nanoscale with element specificity requires a powerful femtosecond source of tunable extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) or x-ray radiation, such as a free-electron laser (FEL). Current efforts in FEL development are aimed at improving the wavelength tunability and multicolor operation, which will potentially lead to the development of new characterization techniques offering a higher chemical sensitivity and improved spatial resolution. One of the most promising approaches is the echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), where two external seed lasers are used to precisely control the spectro-temporal properties of the FEL pulse. Here, we study the expected performance of EEHG at the FERMI FEL, using numerical simulations. We show that, by employing the existing FERMI layout with minor modifications, the EEHG scheme will be able to produce gigawatt peak-power pulses at wavelengths as short as 5 nm. We discuss some possible detrimental effects that may affect the performance of EEHG and compare the results to the existing double-stage FEL cascade, currently in operation at FERMI. Finally, our simulations show that, after substantial machine upgrades, EEHG has the potential to deliver coherent multicolor pulses reaching wavelengths as short as 3 nm, enabling x-ray pump–x-ray probe experiments in the water window.
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Keywords:
free-electron laser; harmonic up-conversion; high-harmonic generation; seeding; x-ray; pump-probe; microbunching instability
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rebernik Ribič, P.; Roussel, E.; Penn, G.; De Ninno, G.; Giannessi, L.; Penco, G.; Allaria, E. Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser. Photonics 2017, 4, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010019
AMA Style
Rebernik Ribič P, Roussel E, Penn G, De Ninno G, Giannessi L, Penco G, Allaria E. Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser. Photonics. 2017; 4(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010019
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebernik Ribič, Primož, Eléonore Roussel, Gregory Penn, Giovanni De Ninno, Luca Giannessi, Giuseppe Penco, and Enrico Allaria. 2017. "Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser" Photonics 4, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010019
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