Positioning of a Photovoltaic Device on a Real Two-Dimensional Plane in Optical Wireless Power Transmission by Means of Infrared Differential Absorption Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments on a GaAs Substrate with Stereo Imagery
2.1. Experiment Configuration and Coordinate System
2.2. Integrity Measure
- First condition (C1)
- Second condition (C2)
2.3. Experiments of GaAs Substrate Position Estimation
2.4. Introducing Coaxial Optics
2.5. GaAs Substrate Experiments Using the Coaxial Optics
3. PV Positioning Experiments
3.1. Positioning of the PV at (0, 27)
3.2. Positioning of the PV at Position Sets 1, 2, and 3
4. Discussion
4.1. GaAs Substrate
4.2. GaAs PV
4.2.1. Positioning of the PV at (0, 27)
4.2.2. Positioning of the PV at Position Sets 1, 2, and 3
4.2.3. Position Estimation with External Ranging Information
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Mathematical Formulation of PV Positioning
Appendix A.1. Positioning Formula with Stereo Imagery
Appendix A.2. Estimation of Pixel (px)→Angle Conversion Constant ()
Position of the Frosted Glass | Distance (mm) | Apparent Size in px (X) | Apparent Size in px (Y) | Estimated (X) (mrad/px) | Estimated (Y) (mrad/px) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(0, 16) | 406.4 | 86 (91.5) | 88 | 2.69 | 2.80 |
(0, 21) | 533.4 | 65 (69.1) | 67.5 | 2.71 | 2.78 |
(0, 26) | 660.4 | 53 (56.4) | 55 | 2.68 | 2.75 |
Appendix A.3. Positioning Formula without Stereo Imagery
Appendix B. Position and Direction Determination of the GaAs PV (On-Axis and Off-Axis for = 45 deg, 65 deg, 105 deg, and 125 deg)
Appendix B.1. On-Axis
Appendix B.2. Off-Axis
Appendix C. Position Determination Based on Range Estimation by the Apparent Size of the Target Combined with Direction Estimation
Appendix C.1. On-Axis
Appendix C.2. Off-Axis
Appendix D. Position Determination with External Ranging Information
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Transmitter Assembly | |
---|---|
LED power | 2 mW × 2 for = 850 nm and 940 nm |
Beam divergence | 85 deg (full angle) |
Filter paper transmittance | 50%/paper(typical) |
Target Assembly | |
GaAs substrate | 2-inch diameter |
GaAs PV | 6 cm × 4 cm |
Distance from the camera assembly | 660 mm(typical) |
Attitude angle | 43~123 deg (typical) |
Camera Assembly | |
Camera | D435 × 2 |
Exposure time | 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 |
Image size | 640 × 480 px |
pass filter | 0.54 | 0 |
pass filter | 0 | 0.27 |
stereo imagery | 1 to 3 deg | 0.47 to 1.41 |
apparent size measurement | 2 to 5 deg | 9.94 to 2.35 |
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Asaba, K.; Miyamoto, T. Positioning of a Photovoltaic Device on a Real Two-Dimensional Plane in Optical Wireless Power Transmission by Means of Infrared Differential Absorption Imaging. Photonics 2023, 10, 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101111
Asaba K, Miyamoto T. Positioning of a Photovoltaic Device on a Real Two-Dimensional Plane in Optical Wireless Power Transmission by Means of Infrared Differential Absorption Imaging. Photonics. 2023; 10(10):1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101111
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsaba, Kaoru, and Tomoyuki Miyamoto. 2023. "Positioning of a Photovoltaic Device on a Real Two-Dimensional Plane in Optical Wireless Power Transmission by Means of Infrared Differential Absorption Imaging" Photonics 10, no. 10: 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101111