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Limnol. Rev., Volume 23, Issue 2 (September 2023) – 4 articles

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18 pages, 2647 KiB  
Article
Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of an Urban River in an Unplanned Zone of the Amazonian Coast
by Luci Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira, Natália do Socorro da Silva Sousa, Brenda Ribeiro Padilha da Silva, Ana Lucia Biondo da Costa, Francielle Raquel Baltazar Cavalcante, Laiane Maria dos Santos Rodrigues and Rauquírio Marinho da Costa
Limnol. Rev. 2023, 23(2), 108-125; https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020007 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
The database on water quality in Amazonian rivers located in unplanned urbanized regions along the Brazilian Amazon Coast is still quite limited. This study addresses these concerns, and the tested hypothesis was that the water quality of the Cereja River has deteriorated in [...] Read more.
The database on water quality in Amazonian rivers located in unplanned urbanized regions along the Brazilian Amazon Coast is still quite limited. This study addresses these concerns, and the tested hypothesis was that the water quality of the Cereja River has deteriorated in recent years, despite the efforts of government authorities to mitigate anthropogenic impacts. To assess changes in water quality, seven campaigns were conducted, collecting data at six fixed points during two different periods. High-resolution satellite images were used to document unplanned occupation. Unfortunately, the number of houses along the Cereja River has increased, in violation of the law. This has contributed to the river’s intense trophic condition, lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, higher concentrations of pathogenic bacteria, and loss of vegetation cover. According to national water quality standards, the Cereja is unsuitable for any human use. This is in stark contrast to the scenario a few decades ago when the river was used for leisure, fishing, and other activities. The results obtained confirm the initial hypothesis and can support potential management strategies and decision-making by authorities. The observed scenario can be extrapolated to other rivers located in urban areas in the Amazon region that have similarly regrettably experienced relatively uncontrolled growth. Full article
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15 pages, 3082 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Tritium Concentration in the Rain- and Groundwater in the Dry River of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
by Al Mamun
Limnol. Rev. 2023, 23(2), 93-107; https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020006 - 1 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
Natural tritium is widely dispersed in the environment, leading to human exposure to tritium through water ingestion, inhalation of tritium gas, and absorption through the skin. High levels of tritium in the environment can pose significant health risks due to the potential carcinogenic [...] Read more.
Natural tritium is widely dispersed in the environment, leading to human exposure to tritium through water ingestion, inhalation of tritium gas, and absorption through the skin. High levels of tritium in the environment can pose significant health risks due to the potential carcinogenic effects of tritium. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the tritium concentration in spiked water, rainwater, and groundwater by a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Due to the lower detection levels of the LSC, an enrichment process of tritium ten- to thirtyfold was carried out using the electrolysis process. The enriched water was then analyzed to estimate the tritium concentration. Five reference samples were prepared by diluting a standard with known concentrations (spiked sample) to verify the precision of the measurement technique. The estimated tritium levels of the rainwater and the groundwater were within the 0.3 to 3.5 tritium units (TU) range. A comparatively higher tritium concentration was estimated for the shallow wells in the lower valley of the monitored areas. However, relatively lower concentrations were detected for wells located in the hillside areas. These findings will assist regulatory authorities in formulating strategies to ensure public safety by mitigating human exposure to tritium. Full article
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23 pages, 14775 KiB  
Article
Field Study to Evaluate Water Loss in the Irrigation Canals of Middle Egypt: A Case Study of the Al Maanna Canal and Its Branches, Assiut Governorate
by Mohamed A. Ashour, Mahmoud S. Abdel Nasser and Tarek S. Abu-Zaid
Limnol. Rev. 2023, 23(2), 70-92; https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020005 - 13 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2412
Abstract
Egyptian policymakers and researchers have been working to address the challenge of bridging the gap between limited water resources and the growing population’s needs for agricultural and food production. The National Great Project for Lining and Rehabilitation of All Open Canals of the [...] Read more.
Egyptian policymakers and researchers have been working to address the challenge of bridging the gap between limited water resources and the growing population’s needs for agricultural and food production. The National Great Project for Lining and Rehabilitation of All Open Canals of the Irrigation Network aims to reduce irrigation water losses through seepage, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. This study evaluated water losses from the Al Maanna canal network in the Assiut governorate, Middle Egypt, using empirical formulas and field ponding methods. The results show the Moleth–Worth formula was more compatible with field measurements, with estimated seepage losses of 2.07 and 2.20 million m3/month, respectively. Moreover, maximum evaporation and evapotranspiration losses were 0.086 and 1.133 million m3/month, respectively. Consequently, total water losses from the Al Maanna canal are estimated to be 3.42 million m3/month, accounting for 13.63% of the total discharge. After canal rehabilitation, evaporation and evapotranspiration losses significantly decreased, while seepage losses were lowered to 0.472 million m3/month, as estimated using the field ponding method. Hence, lining the Al Maanna canal network could reduce water losses by 84%, promoting lining processes that yield significant benefits such as moral, cultural, and environmental benefits. This approach outweighs implementation expenses and ensures a sustainable water supply. Full article
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20 pages, 1878 KiB  
Article
Release of Selected Metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Fe, Zn) from River Bottom Sediments: An Experimental Study
by Magdalena Senze, Monika Kowalska-Góralska, Katarzyna Czyż and Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska
Limnol. Rev. 2023, 23(2), 50-69; https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020004 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
Sediments from three rivers in south-western Poland and their tributaries were used in a laboratory experiment on metal (Al, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn) release. Metal migration was studied under different pH (pH 3.93, pH 7.29, pH 9.59) during 96 h. Al [...] Read more.
Sediments from three rivers in south-western Poland and their tributaries were used in a laboratory experiment on metal (Al, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn) release. Metal migration was studied under different pH (pH 3.93, pH 7.29, pH 9.59) during 96 h. Al concentration was the highest in Bystrzyca and lowest in Strzegomka; other metal concentrations were highest in Nysa Szalona and lowest in Strzegomka. The values of pH and electrolytic conductivity increase throughout the experiment in acidic and neutral environments. Water pH decrease was observed under alkaline conditions, but conductivity reached higher values with time. The aluminum release showed an increase in values followed by a decrease. The highest aluminum amounts were released from the sediment from Nysa Szalona and the lowest from Strzegomka. The greatest aluminum migration was observed in the acidic medium. Similar observations were made for Mn and Zn: Strzegomka < Nysa Szalona < Bystrzyca. For Cu, Cd, Fe and Ni, the highest values were recorded in sediments in alkaline conditions. The amount of metals migrating from sediments to water remains at a similar level as presented by other researchers. More metals are released under acidic conditions. The most intensive migration of metals is noted at the beginning of the experiment. This experiment shows the existing trend of metals migration from the sediments to the over-bottom water, which is important from the point of view of the use of water for drinking purposes. Satisfactorily, the sediments in varied environments behave predictably enough that the quality of raw water under these conditions is not compromised, which is confirmed by environmental and health standards. The research performed concerns a specific area of southwestern Poland, for which this type of research has not been conducted. Full article
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