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Limnological Review
Volume 20
Issue 4
10.2478/limre-2020-0020
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Article

Evolution of Primary Production and Its Drivers on the Lebanese Coast between 1986 and 2013

by
Ali Fadel
1,*,
Lama Salameh
2,
Malak Kanj
3 and
Ahmad Kobaissi
2
1
National Center for Remote Sensing, National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260 Beirut, Lebanon
2
Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Hadath, Lebanon
3
Department of Geoinformation in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, P.O. Box 85, Alsyllio Agrokepiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Limnol. Rev. 2020, 20(4), 207-217; https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020
Published: 31 December 2020

Abstract

Physical-biogeochemical models help us to understand the dynamics and the controlling factors of primary production. In this study, the outputs of a validated hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model were used to elucidate the primary production dynamics between 1992 and 2012 for three studied sites on the Lebanese coast: Naqoura, Beirut, and Tripoli. The results showed that primary production presents a homogeneous spatial distribution along the Lebanese coastline. The phytoplankton community has a low optimal temperature. The thermocline develops in March, with maximum stratification in August and fades in October. Chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and salinity were positively correlated throughout the water column. A significant increasing trend of sea surface temperature was found on the Lebanese coast over 27 years, between 1986 and 2013. Annual averages increased from 22 °C in 1986 to 23.1 °C in 2013 with the highest recorded average temperature of 23.7 °C in 2010.
Keywords: temperature; nutrients; chlorophyll; dynamics; global warming temperature; nutrients; chlorophyll; dynamics; global warming

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fadel, A.; Salameh, L.; Kanj, M.; Kobaissi, A. Evolution of Primary Production and Its Drivers on the Lebanese Coast between 1986 and 2013. Limnol. Rev. 2020, 20, 207-217. https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020

AMA Style

Fadel A, Salameh L, Kanj M, Kobaissi A. Evolution of Primary Production and Its Drivers on the Lebanese Coast between 1986 and 2013. Limnological Review. 2020; 20(4):207-217. https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fadel, Ali, Lama Salameh, Malak Kanj, and Ahmad Kobaissi. 2020. "Evolution of Primary Production and Its Drivers on the Lebanese Coast between 1986 and 2013" Limnological Review 20, no. 4: 207-217. https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020

APA Style

Fadel, A., Salameh, L., Kanj, M., & Kobaissi, A. (2020). Evolution of Primary Production and Its Drivers on the Lebanese Coast between 1986 and 2013. Limnological Review, 20(4), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020

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