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10.3390/separations8100175
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Article

Phytochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Red and Green Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Varieties Grown in a Floating Hydroponic Module

by
Giandomenico Corrado
,
Paola Vitaglione
,
Maria Giordano
,
Giampaolo Raimondi
,
Francesco Napolitano
,
Emilio Di Stasio
,
Ida Di Mola
,
Mauro Mori
and
Youssef Rouphael
*
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Separations 2021, 8(10), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100175
Submission received: 19 July 2021 / Revised: 14 September 2021 / Accepted: 19 September 2021 / Published: 7 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Determination of Food's Bioactive Compounds Content Changes in Different Culture Conditions and Post-harvest Practices)
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Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables, appreciated globally as a low-calorie food with bioactive compounds. The application of a low dose of abiotic stress is considered a sustainable pre-harvest strategy to modify the nutraceutical value of horticultural products. In this work, we explored the response of two differently colored (red or green) baby leaf lettuce varieties to four NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solution (from 1 to 30 mM), using a full factorial design. We focused on leaf morphological parameters and possible phytochemical enhancement of the main polyphenols and anthocyanins, analyzed by LC-MS. The response to low-to-moderate salt stress exposure was affected mainly by salt concentration for leaf traits or by the cultivar for leaf color, with very limited factors’ interactions. Multivariate analysis indicated a predominant role of the genotypic factor in shaping differences in the two weeks growing cycle for baby leaf lettuce. Phytochemically, different dose–response models to sub-optimal saline conditions may be applied to the various compounds. A significant hormetic stimulation was present only for cyanidin-malonyl glucoside, the main anthocyanin present in the red cultivar.
Keywords: stress response; hormesis; hydroponics; food quality; sodium; chlorine; polyphenols; anthocyanins stress response; hormesis; hydroponics; food quality; sodium; chlorine; polyphenols; anthocyanins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Corrado, G.; Vitaglione, P.; Giordano, M.; Raimondi, G.; Napolitano, F.; Di Stasio, E.; Di Mola, I.; Mori, M.; Rouphael, Y. Phytochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Red and Green Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Varieties Grown in a Floating Hydroponic Module. Separations 2021, 8, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100175

AMA Style

Corrado G, Vitaglione P, Giordano M, Raimondi G, Napolitano F, Di Stasio E, Di Mola I, Mori M, Rouphael Y. Phytochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Red and Green Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Varieties Grown in a Floating Hydroponic Module. Separations. 2021; 8(10):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100175

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corrado, Giandomenico, Paola Vitaglione, Maria Giordano, Giampaolo Raimondi, Francesco Napolitano, Emilio Di Stasio, Ida Di Mola, Mauro Mori, and Youssef Rouphael. 2021. "Phytochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Red and Green Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Varieties Grown in a Floating Hydroponic Module" Separations 8, no. 10: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100175

APA Style

Corrado, G., Vitaglione, P., Giordano, M., Raimondi, G., Napolitano, F., Di Stasio, E., Di Mola, I., Mori, M., & Rouphael, Y. (2021). Phytochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Red and Green Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Varieties Grown in a Floating Hydroponic Module. Separations, 8(10), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100175

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