Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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Open AccessArticle

Videokompendium kinderneurologischer Untersuchungen. Analyse motorischer Funktionen bei Klein- und Schulkindern nach Vojta

by Peter Schulz

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 227-230; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00271 - 1 Jan 2014

Abstract

Bei der neurologischen Untersuchung, und ins besondere bei der neurologischen Untersuchung des Säuglings und Kleinkindes, gibt es eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Reflexen und Untersuchungsschritten die helfen, eine korrekte klinische Diagnose zu stellen oder sogar die Prognose zu stellen betreffend eine sich im Verlaufe [...] Read more.

Bei der neurologischen Untersuchung, und ins besondere bei der neurologischen Untersuchung des Säuglings und Kleinkindes, gibt es eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Reflexen und Untersuchungsschritten die helfen, eine korrekte klinische Diagnose zu stellen oder sogar die Prognose zu stellen betreffend eine sich im Verlaufe der Entwicklung noch manifestierende Bewegungsstörung [...] Full article

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Open AccessBook Review

Ideologie, Familie und Gruppe

by Armando Bauleo

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 227-230; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00263 - 1 Jan 2014

Abstract

Armando Bauleo – ein Psychoanalytiker aus Argentinien – ist einer der Begründer der «Grupo Operativo», einer insbesondere in den südeuropäischen und südamerikanischen Ländern verbreiteten psychoanalytischen Konzeption des Verstehens und der Gestaltung, der Theorie und Technik psychodynamischer Prozesse in Gruppen [...] Full article

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Open AccessBook Review

Psychopathologie de l’homme en situation. Le corps du détenu dans l’univers carcéral

by Jérôme Englebert

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 227-230; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00245 - 1 Jan 2014

Abstract

Ce livre est consacré à la psychopathologie et plus précisément à la psychologie du pathologique [...] Full article

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Open AccessCase Report

Ausschreibung Hermann-Emminghaus-Preis 2015

by EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 222-226; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00285 - 1 Jan 2014

Abstract

Bereits zum fünfzehnten Mal wird zum Gedenken an Hermann Emminghaus, den Pionier der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Forschung, der Hermann-Emminghaus-Preis verliehen. Wissenschaftler können sich mit ihren Arbeiten in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie ab sofort unter www.emminghaus- preis.de für die durch die Lilly [...] Read more.

Bereits zum fünfzehnten Mal wird zum Gedenken an Hermann Emminghaus, den Pionier der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Forschung, der Hermann-Emminghaus-Preis verliehen. Wissenschaftler können sich mit ihren Arbeiten in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie ab sofort unter www.emminghaus- preis.de für die durch die Lilly Deutschland GmbH (Bad Homburg) geförderte Auszeichnung 2015 bewerben. Der Preisträger wird mit der Hermann- Emminghaus-Medaille und einem Preisgeld in Höhe von 5500 Euro gewürdigt. Bewerbungsschluss ist der 5. November 2014. Full article

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Open AccessCase Report

Carcinomatous meningitis

by Soléme Mérandon, Jean-Marie Annoni, Véronique Erard, Anja M. Schmitt, Werner J. Z’Graggen and Andrea Monika Humm

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 222-226; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00278 - 1 Jan 2014

Cited by 1

Abstract

A 58-year old woman with a long-standing history of chronic recurrent headache, depression and anxiety presented with new onset occipital headaches, tinnitus, gait instability and worsening of mood disorder. A first extensive work-up failed to objectify a somatic disorder and a psychiatric origin [...] Read more.

A 58-year old woman with a long-standing history of chronic recurrent headache, depression and anxiety presented with new onset occipital headaches, tinnitus, gait instability and worsening of mood disorder. A first extensive work-up failed to objectify a somatic disorder and a psychiatric origin was suspected. However, 6 weeks later focal neurological deficits including complex visual disturbances, seizures and cognitive decline appeared, initially parallelled by fever. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed increased opening pressure and mild pleocytosis. After exclusion of infectious and auto-immune meningoencephalitis, carcinomatous meningitis was diagnosed on repeated CSF analysis. Due to a signet ring cell morphology of the malignant cells in the CSF, a gastric origin was suspected despite absence of any primary tumour after another extensive diagnostic work-up. Detection of serum anti-Ma2 auto-antibodies is in line with the hypothesis of an underlying intestinal neuroendocrine tumour, albeit there was no evidence of a paraneoplastic syndrome in this patient. The patient died within 2 months of new onset headaches. Carcinomatous meningitis is a rare condition which can manifest itself by multifocal neurological signs including neuropsychiatric symptoms and complex visual disturbances long before tumour diagnosis. A high index of suspicion with consequent and if necessary repeated CSF cytological analysis is crucial for correct and rapid diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Développement d’un instrument d’évaluation de l’anomie tenant compte de l’effet de re-test

by Monica Koenig-Bruhin, Verena Hofmann and Felix Studer-Eichenberger

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 215-221; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00275 - 1 Jan 2014

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Abstract

Word-finding difficulties (anomia) are a common symptom in aphasia. The aim of this study was to develop a tool in confrontation naming (1.) to diagnose anomia and (2.) to measure a patient’s improvement or worsening beyond the effect of re-test. Moreover, this study [...] Read more.

Word-finding difficulties (anomia) are a common symptom in aphasia. The aim of this study was to develop a tool in confrontation naming (1.) to diagnose anomia and (2.) to measure a patient’s improvement or worsening beyond the effect of re-test. Moreover, this study was an example of how to evaluate a re-test effect in general. The tool can be used for patients with moderate anomia in the age of 48 to 67 years. A total of 180 images with a name agreement of at least 75% were selected. Low frequency words constitute 60% of these images. To diagnose anomia, the performance of a new patient was compared with the performance of a reference sample consisting of 38 healthy subjects. To measure evolution the reference sample consisted of 30 healthy subjects and 21 aphasic patients in chronic state. All subjects were native French speakers over 48 years old. To the participants of the diagnostic group the 180 images were presented once, and to the sample measuring evolution they were presented twice, with an average time difference of 41 days. To diagnose anomia, a table was created indicating the amount of people with a lower score in percentiles. In order to determine the evolution of a new aphasic patient, the table indicates whether he or she has a significantly larger or smaller evolution between pre- and post-test than the people of the reference sample. Age can be taken into account as a predictor variable for the change. This allows a more accurate detection of the evolution. The average time difference of 41 days found in the reference sample must be approximately taken into account with a new patient when the norms presented here are applied. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Défenses du thérapeute et niveau de formation

by Sandrine Valloton, Yves de Roten and Jean-Nicolas Despland

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 209-214; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00281 - 1 Jan 2014

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Abstract

Of all the variables studied in psychotherapy research, the therapists themselves appear to constitute the strongest predictors of the therapeutic process and results. We currently, however, have very little research data to explain this effect. To date, no research has yet focused specifically [...] Read more.

Of all the variables studied in psychotherapy research, the therapists themselves appear to constitute the strongest predictors of the therapeutic process and results. We currently, however, have very little research data to explain this effect. To date, no research has yet focused specifically on the defenses employed by psychotherapists during their sessions. This study sought to evaluate two principal factors: (1) the absolute frequency of defense mechanisms employed by therapists during therapy sessions and relative frequency of the different defense mechanisms used; (2) the effect of psychotherapy training on the frequency of the therapist’s defense mechanisms. The study sample was comprised of 12 therapists, divided into the three following categories: novice, experienced (training completed), and expert. The therapy consisted of brief psychodynamic intervention (BPI) conducted over four sessions. The therapist’s defense mechanisms were measured by means of the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS, Perry, et al., 2004). The results have demonstrated that all therapists employ several different defense mechanisms, corresponding to different levels of experience. Furthermore, novice therapists have been shown to use no more defense mechanisms than those who are more experienced. Finally, the defensive level of the therapist was found to have no effect on the intervention’s results. This study paves the way for a promising line of research, validating the merit in studying processes of regulating a therapist’s affect during psychotherapy sessions, which can sometimes prove extremely intense. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Coût de l’épilepsie au Togo

by Kokou Mensah Guinhouya, Mofou Belo, Damelan Kombate and Kodjo Eric Grunitzky

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 205-208; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00277 - 1 Jan 2014

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Abstract

Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common non-transmissible neurological disorder, representing a major public health problem with social, psychological, and economical repercussions. Despite the real challenge this condition poses to healthcare systems in developing countries, the disease-related costs have yet to be clearly established. [...] Read more.

Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common non-transmissible neurological disorder, representing a major public health problem with social, psychological, and economical repercussions. Despite the real challenge this condition poses to healthcare systems in developing countries, the disease-related costs have yet to be clearly established. Method: This prospective study was conducted over a 1-year period, from 1 June 2010 to 1 June 2011, in one selected peripheral care unit (PCU) of each of the six sanitary regions of Togo. The same population was studied as that of the pilot project’s extension to the six sanitary regions’ PCUs, namely 816 epileptic patients. Results: From 1 June 2010 to 1 June 2011, 615 of the 816 patients studied during the pilot project’s extension to the six PCUs participated in the study. The gender ratio (M/F) was 1.08. Overall, 560 patients received phenobarbital (PB), 30 carbamazepine (CBZ), 20 valproate (VPA), and five bitherapy PB-CBZ. A permanent supply of antiepileptics in the PCUs was guaranteed by the project in the form of generic drugs at the following dosages: PB 100 mg, CBZ 200 mg, and VPA 500 mg. Prices were fixed per 30-tablets unit at 0.30 € for PB, 1.5 € for CBZ, and 1.5 € for VPA. The dosing schedules were 100 mg/day for adults and 50 mg/day for children for PB, 400 mg/day for CBZ, and 1000 mg/day for VPA. The average direct cost of medical treatment was 784 072.80 €, the indirect cost 4 467 350 €, and the total cost 5 251 422.80 €. Conclusion: While generic antiepileptic drugs have proven instrumental in reducing direct costs, other strategies must be implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa to better control antiepileptic drug costs, and thus encourage antiepileptic therapy compliance. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Epuisement professionnel, maltraitance et perversion: problèmes thérapeutiques

by Dag Söderström and Michel Hack

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 199-204; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00270 - 1 Jan 2014

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Abstract

Burnout is frequently observed in the psychiatrist’s office although it is a condition still not specifically defined in medical classifications. Psychodynamic treatment can bring the patient to understand his relationship to his professional environment through transference (in its psychoanalytic meaning). In conditions of [...] Read more.

Burnout is frequently observed in the psychiatrist’s office although it is a condition still not specifically defined in medical classifications. Psychodynamic treatment can bring the patient to understand his relationship to his professional environment through transference (in its psychoanalytic meaning). In conditions of burnout accompanied by ill-treatment, the psychiatrist must have more active action and establish a collaboration with the occupational physician because he has to analyse the professional context and interact with it. When burnout, ill treatment and perversion are to be found, perversion has to be pointed out to avoid the risk of traumatic experience. Therapeutic alliance and a collaboration with the environmental specialist must find an answer that pulls the patient out of passivity and sideration. As an example, a new form of conflict can take the place of the current conflict which is unbearable in an ill-treatment situation. Finally, the outcome of the event is linked to the coming out or not of the traumatic experience during the acute phase. Full article

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Open AccessReview

Pontine und extrapontine Myelinolyse

by Daniel Eschle

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 194-198; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00280 - 1 Jan 2014

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 100

Abstract

Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, later termed osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), were first described in autopsy cases. Initially its patho¬physiology remained an enigma. Experimental and clinical studies finally elucidated that osmotic fluid shifts, as seen for example with hypernatremia or rapid correction of hyponatremia, [...] Read more.

Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, later termed osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), were first described in autopsy cases. Initially its patho¬physiology remained an enigma. Experimental and clinical studies finally elucidated that osmotic fluid shifts, as seen for example with hypernatremia or rapid correction of hyponatremia, were responsible for a great number of cases. Thus, the question of prognosis has to be viewed from the perspective of potentially iatrogenic causes. A total of 199 papers describing 396 patients with ODS were identified in PubMed during the 10 years between 2003 and 2012, and were analysed regarding prognosis. The limited quality and quantity of data together with inherent publication bias limited the extent of conclusions or generalisations. Barring this objection, the majority of cases with ODS showed severe neurologic impairment at initial diagnosis and were % of patients pre¬sented with a score of 3 to 5 on the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). A quarter died (MRS 6), a quarter survived with severe impairment (MRS 3 to 5), and half of the patients improved (MRS ≤2). Slow correction of hyponatremia (≤8 mmol/l/d according to present guidelines) did not prevent ODS entirely, but ODS was more common with corrections of sodium >8 mmol/l/d. There¬fore, prevention of ODS and optimal supportive care, once it has occurred, are paramount regarding morbidity and mortality. In the long run, many patients can experience a favourable outcome irrespective of initial presentation associated with sodium derangements. A total of 94.1% of patients pre¬sented with a score of 3 to 5 on the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). A quarter died (MRS 6), a quarter survived with severe impairment (MRS 3 to 5), and half of the patients improved (MRS ≤2). Slow correction of hyponatremia (≤8 mmol/l/d according to present guidelines) did not prevent ODS entirely, but ODS was more common with corrections of sodium >8 mmol/l/d. There¬fore, prevention of ODS and optimal supportive care, once it has occurred, are paramount regarding morbidity and mortality. In the long run, many patients can experience a favourable outcome irrespective of initial presentation. Full article

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Open AccessReview

Das Sinn-Problem in der Psychose

by Michael Schmidt-Degenhard

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 186-193; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00265 - 1 Jan 2014

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 99

Abstract

Hemmo Müller-Suur (1911–2001) ranks among the outstanding psycho pathologists of the 20th century. After a brief introduction to his biography and personality, the following article gives an insight into the core themes of his scientific thought: his quarrel with the problem arising from, [...] Read more.

Hemmo Müller-Suur (1911–2001) ranks among the outstanding psycho pathologists of the 20th century. After a brief introduction to his biography and personality, the following article gives an insight into the core themes of his scientific thought: his quarrel with the problem arising from, what he calls the “mentally abnormal”, furthermore his hermeneutical and phenomenological discussion of meaning in psychosis. The scientific work of Müller-Suur and his colleagues Gunter Hofer (1923–1990) and Harald Feldmann (born 1925), in dealing with the most basic questions of psychiatry, still carries great weight for today’s discussions of psychotherapy and medical ethics. Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

Intérêts communs

by Jean-Marie Annoni and Jacques Besson

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 2014, 165(6), 185; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2014.00286 - 1 Jan 2014

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Abstract

Chers collègues, Les neurologues et les psychiatres ont en commun non seulement l’intérêt pour le fonctionnement mental et cérébral, l’habitude de traiter des maladies chroniques, un intérêt pour des techniques de prises en charge non médicamenteuses; ce sont les deux des branches où [...] Read more.

Chers collègues, Les neurologues et les psychiatres ont en commun non seulement l’intérêt pour le fonctionnement mental et cérébral, l’habitude de traiter des maladies chroniques, un intérêt pour des techniques de prises en charge non médicamenteuses; ce sont les deux des branches où la technologie médicale, bien que très présente dans notre réflexion diagnostique, transparaît peu dans la relation médecin malade [...] Full article

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Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother., Volume 165, Issue 6 (01 2014) – 12 articles

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