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GERMS
Volume 6
Issue 1
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GERMS is published by MDPI from Volume 15 Issue 4 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the former publisher Infection Science Forum.

GERMS, Volume 6, Issue 1 (03 2016) – 6 articles , Pages 7-36

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156 KB  
Communication
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aerobic Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Burn Wound Infections
by Hamid Vaez and Fahimeh Beigi
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 34-36; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1087 - 1 Mar 2016
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 20
Abstract
Infection is still considered a serious threat to patients hospitalized in the burned unit [...] Full article
197 KB  
Opinion
The Salzburg Cornell Infectious Diseases Seminars—The First Fourteen Years (1996–2010)
by Richard B. Roberts
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 29-33; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1086 - 1 Mar 2016
Viewed by 20
Abstract
In 1993, The American Austrian Foundation (AAF) organized the Salzburg Seminars International [...] Full article
307 KB  
Article
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infected Nigerian Children
by Augustine O. Ebonyi, Stephen Oguche, Emeka U. Ejeliogu, Oche O. Agbaji, Nathan Y. Shehu, Isaac O. Abah, Atiene S. Sagay, Placid O. Ugoagwu, Prosper I. Okonkwo, John A. Idoko and Phyllis J. Kanki
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 21-28; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1085 - 1 Mar 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 26
Abstract
Introduction: Studies on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce and in Nigeria there is paucity of reported data. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for [...] Read more.
Introduction: Studies on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce and in Nigeria there is paucity of reported data. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary TB (PTB) in newly diagnosed (treatment-naïve) HIV-1 infected children at the pediatric HIV clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Nigeria. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 876 children, aged 2 months–13 years, diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between July 2005 and December 2012, of which 286 were diagnosed with PTB at presentation after TB screening. The study site was the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)-supported Pediatric HIV clinic at JUTH, Jos. A multivariate forward logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors for PTB-HIV co-infection. Results: The prevalence of PTB-HIV co-infection was 32% (286/876). Severe immunosuppression (SI) and World Health Organization (WHO) HIV clinical stage 3/4 were identified as independent risk factors for PTB-HIV co-infection in HIV infected children. The odds of PTB-HIV co-infection was increased two-fold in HIV-infected children with WHO clinical stage 3/4 compared to those with stage 1/2 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.76 [1.31-2.37], p < 0.001) and 1.5-fold in children with SI compared to those without SI (AOR 1.52 [1.12-2.06], p = 0.007). Conclusion: In our setting, the burden of PTB was high among newly diagnosed HIV-infected children, and late WHO HIV clinical stage and severe immunosuppression were associated with PTB-HIV co-infection. Therefore there is a clear need to improve strategies for early diagnosis of both HIV and PTB to optimize clinical outcomes. Full article
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Article
IL-17 and IL-22 Genetic Polymorphisms in HBV Vaccine Non- and Low-Responders Among Healthcare Workers
by Zohreh Borzooy, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Abbass Mirshafiey, Azam Khamseh, Masoud Karkhaneh Mahmoudie, Shadi Sadat Navabi, Marjan Nosrati, Zahra Najafi, Mostafa Hosseini and Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 14-20; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1084 - 1 Mar 2016
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 24
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers constitute a population at high risk for HBV infection. Efficient vaccination options are available; however, the individual response to HBV vaccination may vary widely between subjects, potentially due to cytokine profiles and genetic variations. In the present study, we investigated [...] Read more.
Background: Healthcare workers constitute a population at high risk for HBV infection. Efficient vaccination options are available; however, the individual response to HBV vaccination may vary widely between subjects, potentially due to cytokine profiles and genetic variations. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between IL-17 and IL-22 gene polymorphisms versus non- and low-responsiveness to HBV vaccination in healthcare workers. Methods: We selected the following IL-17 and IL-22 polymorphisms: rs4711998 (A/G) from IL-17 and rs2227501 (A/T), rs2227503 (A/G), rs1026786 (A/G) from IL-22 sequences genes. These were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results: The IL-17 rs4711998 GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in non-responders compared to low-responders (p = 0.025). However, we did not identify a relationship between IL-22 rs1026780, rs2227501 and rs2227503 genotypes and the anti-HBs response following HBV vaccination. Conclusion: These data suggest that genetic variation in rs4711998 polymorphisms in the IL-17 cytokine may influence vaccine-induced immune responses to HBV vaccine in healthcare workers. Full article
210 KB  
Article
Broad-Range PCR Coupled with Mass-Spectrometry for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance
by Dragoș Florea, Dan Oțelea, Ioana D Olaru and Adriana Hristea
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 10-13; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1083 - 1 Mar 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 29
Abstract
Background: The need to limit the spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires rapid detection of resistant strains. The present study aimed to evaluate a commercial assay using broad-range PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) for the rapid detection of isoniazid (INH) [...] Read more.
Background: The need to limit the spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires rapid detection of resistant strains. The present study aimed to evaluate a commercial assay using broad-range PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) for the rapid detection of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance in M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Romanian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: PCR/ESI-MS was used to detect genotypic resistance to RIF and INH in a panel of 63 M. tuberculosis isolates phenotypically characterized using the absolute concentration method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Results: Thirty-eight (60%) strains were susceptible to both drugs, 22 (35%) were RIF and INH resistant, one was INH mono-resistant and two were RIF mono-resistant. The sensitivity for INH and RIF resistance mutations detection were 100% and 92% respectively, with a specificity of more than 95% for each drug. Conclusion: PCR/ESI-MS is a good method for the detection of RIF and INH resistance and might represent an alternative to other rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of genetic markers of resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates. Full article
165 KB  
Editorial
Detection of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by Lee W. Riley
GERMS 2016, 6(1), 7-9; https://doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1082 - 1 Mar 2016
Viewed by 24
Abstract
The report by Florea et al. (Broad-range PCR coupled with mass-spectrometry for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance, GERMS 2016) describes the use of a commercial PCR assay coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to detect isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) [...] Read more.
The report by Florea et al. (Broad-range PCR coupled with mass-spectrometry for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance, GERMS 2016) describes the use of a commercial PCR assay coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to detect isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance in 63 M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from Romanian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) [...] Full article
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