Influence of Cellulose Characteristics on Pyrolysis Suitability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Cellulose Production and Chemical Composition
2.3. Degree of Polymerization
2.4. Crystallinity
2.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.6. Kinetic Modeling
2.6.1. Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and ASTME-2070 Methods
2.6.2. Friedman Method
2.6.3. Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Composition of Cellulose Pulps
3.2. Degree of Polymerization, Crystallinity and Crystal Size of Cellulose Pulps
3.2.1. Degree of Polymerization
3.2.2. Crystallinity and Crystal Size
3.3. TGA and DTG Study of Cellulose Pulps
3.4. Cellulose Pulps Kinetics
3.5. Kinetic Constants Dependence on Cellulose Characteristics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Lignin (%) | Glucan (%) | Xylan (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Eucalyptus globulus | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 74.5 ± 2.0 | 18.2 ± 0.5 |
Ulmus minor | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 74.2 ± 1.8 | 19.4 ± 0.9 |
Linun usitatissimum | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 88.7 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 0.4 |
Olea europaea | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 69.2 ± 1.7 | 20.6 ± 0.8 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 76.4 ± 1.8 | 18.7 ± 0.6 |
Populus alba | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 74.1 ± 1.8 | 19.1 ± 0.8 |
Degree of Polymerization | Crystallinity (%) | Crystal Size (nm) | |
---|---|---|---|
Eucalyptus globulus | 2744 ± 246 | 91.2 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 0.4 |
Ulmus minor | 2682 ± 412 | 89.0 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
Linun usitatissimum | 2023 ± 351 | 95.5 ± 0.1 | 9.1 ± 0.4 |
Olea europaea | 2138 ± 138 | 86.8 ± 0.6 | 8.1 ± 0.4 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | 1965 ± 311 | 89.9 ± 2.9 | 8.9 ± 0.3 |
Populus alba | 1939 ± 397 | 93.8 ± 0.2 | 9.4 ± 0.4 |
Kinetic Method | R2 | F-Test | |
---|---|---|---|
ASTME-2070 | 0.877 | 16,707.22 | |
Friedman | 0.996 | 4494.01 | |
Eucalyptus globulus | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.998 | 805.53 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.967 | 2142.13 | |
ASTME-2070 | 0.904 | 19,899.81 | |
Friedman | 0.996 | 7990.41 | |
Ulmus minor | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.999 | 3137.64 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.999 | 4544.63 | |
ASTME-2070 | 0.912 | 522.26 | |
Friedman | 0.996 | 18,205.87 | |
Linun usitatissimum | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.999 | 424.28 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.999 | 522.26 | |
ASTME-2070 | 0.914 | 150.52 | |
Friedman | 0.994 | 15.68 | |
Olea europaea | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.998 | 19.29 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.998 | 17.00 | |
ASTME-2070 | 0.958 | 134.78 | |
Friedman | 0.995 | 13.59 | |
Robinia pseudoacacia | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.996 | 18.40 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.997 | 12.00 | |
ASTME-2070 | 0.907 | 346.06 | |
Friedman | 0.990 | 38.51 | |
Populus alba | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall | 0.997 | 18.00 |
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose | 0.997 | 16.18 |
α | Ea (kJ mol−1) | Log A (log (1/s)) | |
---|---|---|---|
Eucalyptus globulus | 0.82 | 285.30 | 21.86 |
Ulmus minor | 0.85 | 242.42 | 16.39 |
Linun usitatissimum | 0.80 | 257.67 | 18.80 |
Olea europaea | 0.75 | 180.07 | 13.04 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | 0.84 | 267.51 | 21.50 |
Populus alba | 0.83 | 275.58 | 18.74 |
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Eugenio, M.E.; Ruiz-Montoya, M.; Martín-Sampedro, R.; Ibarra, D.; Díaz, M.J. Influence of Cellulose Characteristics on Pyrolysis Suitability. Processes 2021, 9, 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091584
Eugenio ME, Ruiz-Montoya M, Martín-Sampedro R, Ibarra D, Díaz MJ. Influence of Cellulose Characteristics on Pyrolysis Suitability. Processes. 2021; 9(9):1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091584
Chicago/Turabian StyleEugenio, María E., Mercedes Ruiz-Montoya, Raquel Martín-Sampedro, David Ibarra, and Manuel J. Díaz. 2021. "Influence of Cellulose Characteristics on Pyrolysis Suitability" Processes 9, no. 9: 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091584