Isolation Process and Compound Identification of Agarwood Essential Oils from Aquilaria crassna Cultivated at Three Different Locations in Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Hydrodistillation of Essential Oils
2.3. GC–MS Analysis of Essential Oils
2.4. Identification of the Constituents
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak No. | Compound a | RI b XLB | RI c HP-5 | RI d DB-1 | Peak Area (%) h | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BG | KH | PQ | |||||
1 | Benzaldehyde | 1001 | 960 | 941 e | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
2 | Phenylacetaldehyde | 1082 | 1042 | 1012 e | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
3 | Salicylaldehyde | 1087 | 1045 | 1020 e | 0.24 | 0.03 | - |
4 | Acetophenone | 1107 | 1065 | 1036 e | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
5 | n-Nonan-1-ol | 1182 | 1169 | 1149 e | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.10 |
6 | 4-Ethylphenol and/or 4-vinylanisol | 1192 | - | 1139 e/1134 e | 0.30 | 0.10 | - |
7 | n-Nonanoic acid | 1280 | 1271 | 1263 e | - | 0.39 | 0.15 |
8 | Benzylacetone | 1295 | - | 1207 e | 10.46 | 2.31 | 2.33 |
9 | 4-Phenyl-2-butanol | 1299 | - | - | 0.32 | - | - |
10 | p-Anisaldehyde | 1314 | 1250 | 1218 e | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.05 |
11 | (1R,6S,9R)-6,10,10-Trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane | 1441 | - | - | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.67 |
12 | 4,5-di-epi-Aristolochene | 1500 | - | 1470 e | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
13 | β-Agarofuran | 1507 | - | 1474 f | 4.86 | 3.04 | 6.18 |
14 | α-Selinene | 1530 | 1494 e | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.17 | |
15 | Dihydro-β-agarofuran | 1533 | - | 1500 e | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.93 |
16 | Anisylacetone | 1549 | - | - | 2.27 | 0.68 | 0.31 |
17 | α-Agarofuran | 1582 | 1550 | 1537 e | 0.53 | 1.01 | 1.36 |
18 | nor-Keto-agarofuran | 1608 | - | 1555 f | 2.92 | 0.93 | 3.31 |
19 | Epoxybulnesene | 1619 | - | 1572 f | 2.77 | 3.47 | 2.86 |
20 | 7-epi-Eremophila-1(10),8,11-triene and unknown [111, 220(20)] g | 1629 | 1508 e | 2.12 | 2.79 | 1.70 | |
21 | (1R,2R,6S,9R)-6,10,10-Trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-2-ol, epimer 1 | 1637 | - | - | 1.21 | 0.34 | 1.71 |
22 | (1R,2R,6S,9R)-6,10,10-Trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-2-ol, epimer 2 | 1651 | - | - | 1.27 | 0.38 | 1.57 |
23 | 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol | 1660 | 1624 | 1609 e | 1.68 | 2.11 | 1.28 |
24 | Agarospirol | 1672 | 1648 | 1635 e | 2.98 | 3.31 | 3.42 |
25 | Hinesol | 1676 | 1642 | 1632 e | 1.08 | 0.63 | 1.18 |
26 | Jinko-eremol | 1686 | - | 1643 f | 3.50 | 3.87 | 4.51 |
27 | Valerianol | 1693 | 1658 | 1647 e | 3.91 | 5.37 | 4.56 |
28 | β-Eudesmol | 1699 | 1651 | 1641 e | 2.96 | 4.38 | 4.18 |
29 | α-Eudesmol | 1704 | 1654 | 1653 e | 2.74 | 2.27 | 3.15 |
30 | Valenca-1(10),8-dien-11-ol | 1723 | - | - | 0.78 | 6.05 | 0.56 |
31 | Dehydrojinko-eremol | 1730 | - | - | 0.37 | 1.96 | 0.65 |
32 | Epoxy-β-agarofuran | 1742 | - | 1673 f | 1.42 | 3.84 | 0.94 |
33 | Cadina-1(10),4-dien-8α-ol | 1748 | - | 1637 e | 1.64 | 2.42 | 2.18 |
34 | (1S,2S,6S,9R)-6,10,10-Trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-2-carbaldehyde | 1753 | - | - | 4.67 | 4.73 | 2.07 |
35 | Selina-3,11-dien-9-ol | 1779 | - | 1721 f | 1.63 | 2.40 | 1.34 |
36 | Neopetasane | 1814 | - | 1733 e | 7.96 | 8.29 | 7.47 |
37 | Selina-4,11-dien-14-al | 1825 | - | 1758 f | 1.48 | 2.34 | 0.33 |
38 | Dihydrokaranone | 1870 | - | 1799 e | 3.59 | 2.63 | 3.52 |
39 | Nootkatone | 1877 | 1807 | 1782 e | 0.98 | 0.83 | 0.97 |
40 | Karanone and oxo-agarospirol | 1892 | - | 1812 f 1822 f | 1.20 | 1.74 | 0.78 |
41 | n-Hexadecanoic acid | 1995 | - | 1951 e | 5.69 | 4.98 | 6.43 |
42 | Oleic acid | 2164 | - | - | 0.88 | 3.09 | 0.88 |
Total of identified compounds | 83.54 | 84.30 | 74.11 | ||||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 2.54 | 3.43 | 2.02 | ||||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 59.04 | 68.94 | 61.68 | ||||
Total of unknowns | 16.46 | 15.70 | 25.89 |
No. | Compound Class | Number of Compounds | Total Area% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BG | KH | PQ | |||
1 | Eremophilanes and valencanes | 9 | 23.39 | 32.03 | 24.09 |
2 | Agarofurans and epi-γ-eudesmanes | 10 | 19.47 | 16.98 | 20.02 |
3 | Selinanes and eudesmanes | 5 | 9.05 | 11.79 | 9.17 |
4 | Fatty acids and aliphatics | 4 | 6.74 | 8.52 | 7.56 |
5 | Aromatic compounds | 9 | 15.22 | 3.41 | 2.85 |
6 | Vetispiranes | 3 | 5.26 | 5.68 | 5.38 |
7 | Guaianes | 1 | 2.77 | 3.47 | 2.86 |
8 | Cadinanes | 1 | 1.64 | 2.42 | 2.18 |
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Thuy, D.T.T.; Tuyen, T.T.; Thuy, T.T.T.; Minh, P.T.H.; Tran, Q.T.; Long, P.Q.; Nguyen, D.C.; Bach, L.G.; Chien, N.Q. Isolation Process and Compound Identification of Agarwood Essential Oils from Aquilaria crassna Cultivated at Three Different Locations in Vietnam. Processes 2019, 7, 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070432
Thuy DTT, Tuyen TT, Thuy TTT, Minh PTH, Tran QT, Long PQ, Nguyen DC, Bach LG, Chien NQ. Isolation Process and Compound Identification of Agarwood Essential Oils from Aquilaria crassna Cultivated at Three Different Locations in Vietnam. Processes. 2019; 7(7):432. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070432
Chicago/Turabian StyleThuy, Dinh Thi Thu, Tran Thi Tuyen, Tran Thi Thu Thuy, Pham Thi Hong Minh, Quoc Toan Tran, Pham Quoc Long, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Long Giang Bach, and Nguyen Quyet Chien. 2019. "Isolation Process and Compound Identification of Agarwood Essential Oils from Aquilaria crassna Cultivated at Three Different Locations in Vietnam" Processes 7, no. 7: 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070432