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Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/pr14121925
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Article

Analysis of Virtual Inertia in DC Microgrid Based on Matching Control Bandwidth

by
Shumin Sun
1,
Yan Cheng
1,*,
Shibo Wang
1,
Peng Yu
1,
Jiawei Xing
1,
Xueshen Zhao
2,
Shuangchen Wu
2 and
Yuqing Qu
2
1
State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250002, China
2
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2026, 14(12), 1925; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121925
Submission received: 20 April 2026 / Revised: 24 May 2026 / Accepted: 5 June 2026 / Published: 12 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Optimization, and Control of Distributed Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The mismatch between the DC voltage control bandwidth and the low-pass filter control bandwidth results in a non-virtual inertia phenomenon in the DC voltage of the DC microgrid. For this purpose, a transfer function model of the DC microgrid is established in this paper, and the causes of the non-virtual inertia phenomenon are explained from the perspective of control bandwidth. Secondly, a virtual inertia response criterion based on control bandwidth matching is presented in this paper. Then, the concept and solution method of the control bandwidth matching domain are also provided in this paper. This control bandwidth matching domain can not only effectively ensure the virtual inertia characteristics of the DC microgrid but also be used to evaluate the system’s virtual inertia strength under different low-pass filter control bandwidths. Experimental results show that when the ratio of the voltage control bandwidth to the low-pass filter control bandwidth is greater than 10, the DC microgrid presents virtual inertia characteristics; otherwise, it exhibits non-virtual inertia (damped oscillation) characteristics.
Keywords: DC microgrid; virtual inertia; DC voltage control bandwidth; low-pass filter control bandwidth; response criterion; control bandwidth matching domain DC microgrid; virtual inertia; DC voltage control bandwidth; low-pass filter control bandwidth; response criterion; control bandwidth matching domain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, S.; Yu, P.; Xing, J.; Zhao, X.; Wu, S.; Qu, Y. Analysis of Virtual Inertia in DC Microgrid Based on Matching Control Bandwidth. Processes 2026, 14, 1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121925

AMA Style

Sun S, Cheng Y, Wang S, Yu P, Xing J, Zhao X, Wu S, Qu Y. Analysis of Virtual Inertia in DC Microgrid Based on Matching Control Bandwidth. Processes. 2026; 14(12):1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121925

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Shumin, Yan Cheng, Shibo Wang, Peng Yu, Jiawei Xing, Xueshen Zhao, Shuangchen Wu, and Yuqing Qu. 2026. "Analysis of Virtual Inertia in DC Microgrid Based on Matching Control Bandwidth" Processes 14, no. 12: 1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121925

APA Style

Sun, S., Cheng, Y., Wang, S., Yu, P., Xing, J., Zhao, X., Wu, S., & Qu, Y. (2026). Analysis of Virtual Inertia in DC Microgrid Based on Matching Control Bandwidth. Processes, 14(12), 1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121925

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