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Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/pr13072154
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Retraction of Processes 2020, 8(9), 1185.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Ali et al. Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185

by
Bagh Ali
1,
Ghulam Rasool
2,
Sajjad Hussain
3,
Dumitru Baleanu
4,5,6,* and
Sehrish Bano
7
1
Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
2
School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3
School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
4
Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Ankara 06530, Turkey
5
Institute of Space Sciences, 077125 Magurele, Romania
6
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40250, Taiwan
7
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072154
Submission received: 27 June 2025 / Accepted: 2 July 2025 / Published: 7 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section AI-Enabled Process Engineering)
Versions Notes
The Processes Editorial Office retracts the article “Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were raised with the publisher related to potential redundancy between this article [1] and an earlier article [2] published by the same authorship group.
Adhering to our complaint procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that confirmed a significant overlap between these two publications. Given the scale of the overlap, the Editorial Office and the Editorial Board consider this article [1] to be redundant and have decided to retract as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the Processes journal.
The authors did not agree to this retraction.

References

  1. Ali, B.; Rasool, G.; Hussain, S.; Baleanu, D.; Bano, S. RETRACTED: Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Ali, B.; Naqvi, R.A.; Haider, A.; Hussain, D.; Hussain, S. Finite Element Study of MHD Impacts on the Rotating Flow of Casson Nanofluid with the Double Diffusion Cattaneo—Christov Heat Flux Model. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ali, B.; Rasool, G.; Hussain, S.; Baleanu, D.; Bano, S. RETRACTED: Ali et al. Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185. Processes 2025, 13, 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072154

AMA Style

Ali B, Rasool G, Hussain S, Baleanu D, Bano S. RETRACTED: Ali et al. Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185. Processes. 2025; 13(7):2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali, Bagh, Ghulam Rasool, Sajjad Hussain, Dumitru Baleanu, and Sehrish Bano. 2025. "RETRACTED: Ali et al. Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185" Processes 13, no. 7: 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072154

APA Style

Ali, B., Rasool, G., Hussain, S., Baleanu, D., & Bano, S. (2025). RETRACTED: Ali et al. Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid. Processes 2020, 8, 1185. Processes, 13(7), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072154

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