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Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/pr13072066
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Article

Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept

by
Luca Farina
1,*,
Antonio Ricca
2,
Alfonso Pozio
3,
Priscilla Reale
4 and
Silvano Tosti
1,*
1
ENEA-NUC, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, RM, Italy
2
ENEA-TERIN, C.R. Portici, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
3
ENEA-TERIN, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
4
ENEA-TERIN, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, RM, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072066
Submission received: 16 May 2025 / Accepted: 16 June 2025 / Published: 30 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Materials and Processes for Integration of Reaction and Separation Operations)
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Abstract

The eutectic PbLi (15.7 at.% Li) alloy appears promising for producing tritium from fertile materials. Currently, in nuclear fusion design, the technologies being explored for tritium extraction in molten phases primarily focus on (i) established processes based on Gas–Liquid Contactor (GLC), such as bubble, packed, or spray columns, or on (ii) exploiting hydrogen permeation phenomena using dense metallic membranes, i.e., Permeation Against Vacuum (PAV). This work introduces a new concept, a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor, to address several open issues related to mass transport phenomena within the previously mentioned technologies. The MGLC concept merges the advantages of Permeation Against Vacuum (PAV) and Gas–Liquid Contactor (GLC), which have been extensively applied to extract hydrogen and its isotopes from liquid metals. A comprehensive description of the MGLC’s operation is then provided, suggesting a mass transfer model suitable for the practical application of this new concept. Finally, the results of the experimental campaign conducted on a lab-scale test facility are presented and critically analyzed.
Keywords: WCLL-BB; TEU; TEP; TER; EU-DEMO; GLC; PAV; MGLC WCLL-BB; TEU; TEP; TER; EU-DEMO; GLC; PAV; MGLC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Farina, L.; Ricca, A.; Pozio, A.; Reale, P.; Tosti, S. Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept. Processes 2025, 13, 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072066

AMA Style

Farina L, Ricca A, Pozio A, Reale P, Tosti S. Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept. Processes. 2025; 13(7):2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072066

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farina, Luca, Antonio Ricca, Alfonso Pozio, Priscilla Reale, and Silvano Tosti. 2025. "Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept" Processes 13, no. 7: 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072066

APA Style

Farina, L., Ricca, A., Pozio, A., Reale, P., & Tosti, S. (2025). Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept. Processes, 13(7), 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072066

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