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Processes
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/pr13051481
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Matrix-Based Universal Framework for a Fast Energy-Flow Analysis of Integrated Electricity–Heat–Gas Energy Systems

by
Jianzhang Wu
1,*,
Jianyong Zheng
1,
Fei Mei
2,
Shuai Wang
1,
Ruilin Xu
1 and
Kai Li
1
1
School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2
College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(5), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051481
Submission received: 30 March 2025 / Revised: 6 May 2025 / Accepted: 8 May 2025 / Published: 12 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

As the fundamental analytical tool of the integrated electricity–heat–gas energy system (IEHGES), static energy-flow calculation (EFC) can be implemented repeatedly to arbitrary IEHGESs, imposing higher demands on the universality and efficiency of the EFC framework. Therefore, this paper proposes a matrix-based universal EFC framework for IEHGES. Standardized modeling of individual subnetworks is first conducted. On this basis, the iterative matrices with gradient-descent direction are then derived from the established subnetwork models. Both the energy-flow models and the iterative matrices are expressed in compact matrix form. After that, according to the coupling chain-based interdependency mechanism analysis method of IEHGES, the Newton–Raphson-based universal EFC framework is developed. By inputting system parameters in a given data format, the state of arbitrary IEHGESs can be automatically calculated through the proposed EFC framework. The simulation results using two test systems with different scales verify that the proposed framework offers advantages over existing methods in portability and robustness, and its highest computational efficiency is approximately 2 and 2.3 times that of traditional methods for medium and large test systems, respectively.
Keywords: integrated energy system; energy-flow calculation; standardized modeling; interdependency mechanism analysis; Newton–Raphson method integrated energy system; energy-flow calculation; standardized modeling; interdependency mechanism analysis; Newton–Raphson method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, J.; Zheng, J.; Mei, F.; Wang, S.; Xu, R.; Li, K. A Matrix-Based Universal Framework for a Fast Energy-Flow Analysis of Integrated Electricity–Heat–Gas Energy Systems. Processes 2025, 13, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051481

AMA Style

Wu J, Zheng J, Mei F, Wang S, Xu R, Li K. A Matrix-Based Universal Framework for a Fast Energy-Flow Analysis of Integrated Electricity–Heat–Gas Energy Systems. Processes. 2025; 13(5):1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051481

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Jianzhang, Jianyong Zheng, Fei Mei, Shuai Wang, Ruilin Xu, and Kai Li. 2025. "A Matrix-Based Universal Framework for a Fast Energy-Flow Analysis of Integrated Electricity–Heat–Gas Energy Systems" Processes 13, no. 5: 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051481

APA Style

Wu, J., Zheng, J., Mei, F., Wang, S., Xu, R., & Li, K. (2025). A Matrix-Based Universal Framework for a Fast Energy-Flow Analysis of Integrated Electricity–Heat–Gas Energy Systems. Processes, 13(5), 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051481

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