Mechanism of Water Use Behavior of College Students Based on the Improved TPB Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Construction of the Theoretical Model
- (a)
- Whether sociodemographic characteristics and environmental characteristics have a significant difference with water use behavior;
- (b)
- Sociodemographic and environmental characteristics have different degrees of influence on water use behavior, and whether there is a certain correlation between the degree of influence of factors and the degree of difference;
- (c)
- Does one influencing factor regulate the impact of other factors on water use behavior if both sociodemographic and environmental characteristics have a significant difference with a certain water use behavior?
2.2. Questionnaire Design and Analysis Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results of Difference Analysis
3.2. The Results of Impact Analysis
3.3. The Results of Regulating Effect Analysis
3.4. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | Sociodemographic Characteristics | Environmental Characteristics | Water Use Behavior | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Education Level | Region | Season | Daily Washing Time | Daily Flushing Frequency | Weekly Laundry Frequency | Daily Shower | |
options | male | undergraduate | north | summer | 0–60 s | 3 times | 0 times | 0.25 times |
female | postgraduate | south | winter | 60–120 s | 4–6 times | 0.5 times | 0.33 times | |
— | — | — | — | 120–180 s | 7–8 times | 1 times | 0.5 times | |
— | — | — | — | 180–240 s | 9–10 times | 2 times | 1 times | |
— | — | — | — | 240–300 s | — | 3 times | 2 times | |
— | — | — | — | — | — | 4 times | — |
Water Devices/ Products | Water Use Behaviors | Influencing Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Region | Education Level | Season | ||
Faucets | Daily washing time | 0.001 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.467 | — |
Toilets | Daily flushing frequency | 0.031 ** | 0.695 | 0.061 * | — |
Washing machines | Weekly laundry frequency | 0.182 | 0.860 | 0.007 *** | — |
Showers | Daily showers | 0.758 | 0.000 *** | 0.898 | 0.000 *** |
Behavior | Item | Gender | Region | Education Level | Season |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily washing time | Significance | 0.267 | 0.581 | 0.152 | - |
Normalization importance | 45.9% | 100% | 26.2% | - | |
Daily flushing frequency | Significance | 0.264 | 0.239 | 0.497 | - |
Normalization importance | 53.2% | 48% | 100% | - | |
Daily laundry frequency | Significance | 0.324 | 0.306 | 0.369 | - |
Normalization importance | 87.9% | 83% | 100% | - | |
Daily showers | Significance | 0.073 | 0.296 | 0.079 | 0.552 |
Normalization importance | 13.3% | 53.5% | 14.3% | 100% |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | |
const | 122.158 | 11.729 | 10.415 | 0.000 *** | 66.117 | 17.102 | 3.866 | 0.000 *** | 55.11 | 41.026 | 1.343 | 0.180 |
Gender | 22.107 | 7.154 | 3.09 | 0.002 *** | 48.611 | 11.06 | 4.395 | 0.000 *** | 30.731 | 25.589 | 1.201 | 0.231 |
Region | 23.461 | 6.958 | 3.372 | 0.001 *** | 58.475 | 35.197 | 1.661 | 0.098 * | ||||
Gender × region | −6.542 | 22.156 | −0.295 | 0.768 | ||||||||
ΔF | ΔF(1, 311) = 9.549, p = 0.002 *** | ΔF(1, 308) = 19.316, p = 0.000 *** | ΔF(1, 307) = 14.759, p = 0.000 *** | |||||||||
Dependent variable: daily washing time |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | Coefficient | Standard Error | t | p | |
const | 0.119 | 0.065 | 1.843 | 0.066 * | 0.431 | 0.081 | 5.348 | 0.000 *** | 0.142 | 0.197 | 0.72 | 0.472 |
Region | 0.389 | 0.056 | 6.962 | 0.000 *** | −0.239 | 0.04 | −5.978 | 0.000 *** | 0.637 | 0.173 | 3.684 | 0.000 *** |
Season | 0.373 | 0.053 | 7.017 | 0.000 *** | 0.006 | 0.158 | 0.037 | 0.971 | ||||
Region × season | −0.225 | 0.14 | −1.604 | 0.110 | ||||||||
ΔF | ΔF(1, 322) = 48.476, p = 0.000 *** | ΔF(1, 319) = 35.736, p = 0.000 *** | ΔF(1, 318) = 47.529, p = 0.000 *** | |||||||||
Dependent variable: Frequency of daily shower |
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Zhang, L.; Bai, X.; Liu, J.; Bai, Y.; Guan, J. Mechanism of Water Use Behavior of College Students Based on the Improved TPB Model. Processes 2023, 11, 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020643
Zhang L, Bai X, Liu J, Bai Y, Guan J. Mechanism of Water Use Behavior of College Students Based on the Improved TPB Model. Processes. 2023; 11(2):643. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020643
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Lan, Xue Bai, Jialin Liu, Yan Bai, and Jinxin Guan. 2023. "Mechanism of Water Use Behavior of College Students Based on the Improved TPB Model" Processes 11, no. 2: 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020643
APA StyleZhang, L., Bai, X., Liu, J., Bai, Y., & Guan, J. (2023). Mechanism of Water Use Behavior of College Students Based on the Improved TPB Model. Processes, 11(2), 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020643