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Article

Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization and Its Relationship to the Anxiety–Pain Connection in Youth with Chronic Pain: Implications for Treatment

by
Larah Maunder
1,*,
Maria Pavlova
2,
Jaimie K. Beveridge
2,
Joel Katz
3,
Tim V. Salomons
1 and
Melanie Noel
2,4,5,6
1
Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
2
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
3
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
4
Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
5
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
6
Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2022, 9(4), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040529
Submission received: 24 February 2022 / Revised: 23 March 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2022 / Published: 8 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Chronic Pain in Adolescents and Children)
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Abstract

The bidirectional relationship between anxiety and chronic pain in youth is well-known, but how anxiety contributes to the maintenance of pediatric chronic pain needs to be elucidated. Sensitivity to pain traumatization (SPT), an individual’s propensity to develop responses to pain that resemble a traumatic stress response, may contribute to the mutual maintenance of anxiety and pediatric chronic pain. A clinical sample of youth (aged 10–18 years) with chronic pain completed a measure of SPT at baseline and rated their anxiety and pain characteristics for seven consecutive days at baseline and at three-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to model whether SPT moderated the relationship between baseline anxiety and pain intensity, unpleasantness, and interference three months later. SPT significantly moderated the relationship between anxiety and pain intensity. High anxiety youth with high SPT reported increased pain intensity three months later, while high anxiety youth with low SPT did not. High anxiety youth who experience pain as potentially traumatizing are more likely to report higher pain intensity three months later than high-anxiety youth who do not. Future research should examine whether children’s propensity to become traumatized by their pain predicts the development of chronic pain and response to intervention.
Keywords: sensitivity to pain traumatization; pediatric chronic pain; anxiety; moderation analysis sensitivity to pain traumatization; pediatric chronic pain; anxiety; moderation analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Maunder, L.; Pavlova, M.; Beveridge, J.K.; Katz, J.; Salomons, T.V.; Noel, M. Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization and Its Relationship to the Anxiety–Pain Connection in Youth with Chronic Pain: Implications for Treatment. Children 2022, 9, 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040529

AMA Style

Maunder L, Pavlova M, Beveridge JK, Katz J, Salomons TV, Noel M. Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization and Its Relationship to the Anxiety–Pain Connection in Youth with Chronic Pain: Implications for Treatment. Children. 2022; 9(4):529. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040529

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maunder, Larah, Maria Pavlova, Jaimie K. Beveridge, Joel Katz, Tim V. Salomons, and Melanie Noel. 2022. "Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization and Its Relationship to the Anxiety–Pain Connection in Youth with Chronic Pain: Implications for Treatment" Children 9, no. 4: 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040529

APA Style

Maunder, L., Pavlova, M., Beveridge, J. K., Katz, J., Salomons, T. V., & Noel, M. (2022). Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization and Its Relationship to the Anxiety–Pain Connection in Youth with Chronic Pain: Implications for Treatment. Children, 9(4), 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040529

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