Thyroid Surgery in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Paediatric Surgical Center and Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Operative Technique
2.2. Ethical Statement
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Number of Operations | Mean Age of the Patient (Years) |
---|---|---|
2017 | 5 | 15.6 |
2018 | 2 | 14.5 |
2019 | 1 | 16.0 |
2020 | 3 | 14.3 |
2021 | 6 | 11.5 |
2022 | 2 | 17.0 |
Total | 19 | 14.8 |
Surgical Procedure | Number of Patients | Pathohistological Analysis |
---|---|---|
Total thyroidectomy | 8 | Struma, Graves’ disease, papillary carcinoma |
Lobectomy | 10 | Benign nodules, Hashimoto thyroiditis, struma |
Central neck dissection | 3 | Papillary carcinoma |
Study | Study Period | Study Design | Patients | Performed Surgery | Surgeon | Complications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drews et al. [12] | 2005–2016 | Retrospective cohort study | 3149 | Partial or total thyroidectomy | High- vs. low-volume surgeon, pediatric surgeon vs. ORL | hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hematoma, chyle leak, and surgical site infection |
Sahyouni et al. [13] | 2010–2020 | Retrospective cohort study | 209 | Lobectomy or total thyroidectomy, with or without neck dissection | No data | Incidental parathyroidectomy |
Wu et al. [14] | 2010–2017 | Case series | 7 (9 surgeries) | Robotic transaxillary and retroauricular approach | high-volume surgeon skilled in robot-assisted operations for neck diseases in adults | temporary shoulder hypoesthesia, temporary vocal cord paresis, transient symptomatic hypocalcemia |
Lee et al. [15] | 2008–2019 | Retrospective study | 161 | transaxillary (99) or conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) (62) for thyroid cancer | Six surgeons were experts on robotic thyroidectomy and two doctors performed only COT | transient or permanent hypocalcemia, chyle leak, wound infection, transient or permanent RLN injury, and oculo-sympathetic paresis |
Almosallam et al. [16] | 2000–2014 | Retrospective study | 103 | Thyroidectomy | No data | hypocalcemia, unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury |
Ngo et al. [17] | 2020 | Case series | 4 | Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach | high-volume thyroid surgeon | No |
Van Rooijen et al. [18] | 2013–2020 | Retrospective single center study | 48 | 29 total and 19 hemithyroidectomies | Surgeon and endocrine surgeon (>50/year) | Rapidly resolved hypocalcemia, transient hypocalcemia and permanent hypocalcemia |
Divarci et al. [19] | 2006–2014 | Retrospective study | 58 | nodulectomy/lobectomy (32), total thyroidectomy (TT) (13), or TT + neck dissection (13) | No data | Postoperative complications were transient hypocalcemia, permanent hypocalcemia and unilateral vocal cord paralysis |
Merchant et al. [20] | No data | Case series | 3 | Total thyroidectomy for McCune Albright syndrome at an early age | Pediatric surgeon | No |
Moreno Alfonso et al. [21] | 2010–2020 | Retrospective study | 11 | thyroidectomy ± cervical lymphadenectomy | Low-volume pediatric surgeons | transient hypocalcemia, transient recurrent laryngeal nerve neuropraxia |
Gui et al. [22] | 2000–2018 | Retrospective study | 95 | Thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma | High-volume surgeon | 30% of recurrence |
Staubitz et al. [23] | 2005–2018 | Retrospective single center study | 155 | Total thyroidectomy +/− lymph node dissection, subtotal, partial thyroidectomy, lobectomy | Endocrine surgeon | Transient hypoparathyroidism, permanent hypoparathyroidism, wound infections, transient vocal cord palsy, lymph fistula |
Spinelli et al. [24] | 2000–2017 | Retrospective multicenter study | 30 | Lobectomy, total thyroidectomy +/− neck dissection | Pediatric surgeon | Transitory hypoparathyroidism, definitive hypoparathyroidism, lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve |
Elgendy et al. [25] | 2011–2021 | Retrospective sudy | 32 | Hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy +/− neck dissection | Team (oncology surgeon, ORL, pediatric surgeon) | Chyle leak, hypoparathyroidism, nerve palsy, relaps |
Chen et al. [26] | 2006–2015 | Retrospective study | 276 | Lobectomy or total thyroidectomy +/− neck dissection | High-volume thyroid surgeons | Recurrence |
Sudoko et al. [27] | 2009–2020 | Retrospective cohort study | 102 | Lobectomy or total thyroidectomy +/− neck dissection | No data | No data |
Spinelli et al. [28] | 2014–2019 | Retrospective study | 76 | Thyroidectomy hemithyroidectomy, lymphadenectomy | No data | Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, transient hypocalcemia, permanent hypocalcemia |
Nordenstrom et al. [29] | 2004–2014 | Retrospective (population-based) | 274 | Total thyroidectomy | No data | Permanent hypoparathyroidism |
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Bukarica, S.; Antić, J.; Fratrić, I.; Kravarušić, D.; Pajić, M.; Jokić, R. Thyroid Surgery in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Paediatric Surgical Center and Systematic Review. Children 2022, 9, 1818. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121818
Bukarica S, Antić J, Fratrić I, Kravarušić D, Pajić M, Jokić R. Thyroid Surgery in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Paediatric Surgical Center and Systematic Review. Children. 2022; 9(12):1818. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121818
Chicago/Turabian StyleBukarica, Svetlana, Jelena Antić, Ivana Fratrić, Dragan Kravarušić, Miloš Pajić, and Radoica Jokić. 2022. "Thyroid Surgery in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Paediatric Surgical Center and Systematic Review" Children 9, no. 12: 1818. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121818