Cyberbullying and Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Associations in Seven European Countries of the EU NET ADB Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|
Iceland | Normal | 1043 | 87.2 |
Overweight | 127 | 10.6 | |
Obese | 26 | 2.2 | |
Netherlands | Normal | 672 | 92.4 |
Overweight | 46 | 6.3 | |
Obese | 9 | 1.2 | |
Germany | Normal | 1366 | 84.3 |
Overweight | 209 | 12.9 | |
Obese | 46 | 2.8 | |
Poland | Normal | 1045 | 87.8 |
Overweight | 122 | 10.3 | |
Obese | 23 | 1.9 | |
Romania | Normal | 1108 | 89.4 |
Overweight | 126 | 10.2 | |
Obese | 6 | 0.5 | |
Spain | Normal | 1143 | 88.3 |
Overweight | 137 | 10.6 | |
Obese | 15 | 1.2 | |
Greece | Normal | 1194 | 78.8 |
Overweight | 273 | 18.0 | |
Obese | 49 | 3.2 |
Categories | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) * | |
---|---|---|---|
Overall results | Overweight vs. normal | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) § |
Obese vs. normal | 0.99 (0.67–1.48) | 1.00 (0.64–1.41) § | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | |
Results by country | |||
Greece | Overweight vs. normal | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) |
Obese vs. normal | 1.09 (0.55–2.17) | 0.98 (0.45–2.15) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) | 0.95 (0.69–1.33) | |
Spain | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 1.03 (0.60–1.77) | 1.11 (0.63–1.97) | |
Obese vs. normal | 1.05 (0.23–4.77) | 1.31 (0.27–6.22) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.04 (0.6–1.70) | 1.14 (0.68–1.90) | |
Romania | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 1.16 (0.82–1.66) | 1.07 (0.75–1.54) | |
Obese vs. normal | 0.32 (0.03–2.75) | 0.28 (0.03–2.48) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | |
Poland | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 0.74 (0.47–1.18) | 0.89 (0.54–1.47) | |
Obese vs. normal | 0.54 (0.18–1.59) | 0.39 (0.09–1.61) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | 0.81 (0.51–1.30) | |
Germany | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 1.20 (0.90–1.60) | 1.58 (1.11–2.25) | |
Obese vs. normal | 0.99 (0.53–1.86) | 0.76 (0.31–1.84) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.25 (0.91–1.73) | 1.41 (1.00–1.98) | |
Netherlands | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 1.16 (0.54–2.48) | 1.51 (0.66–3.44) | |
Obese vs. normal | 0.78 (0.08–6.90) | 1.22 (0.13–11.41) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.22 (0.57–2.62) | 1.47 (0.66–3.30) | |
Iceland | |||
Overweight vs. normal | 0.83 (0.51–1.37) | 0.99 (0.56–1.74) | |
Obese vs. normal | 2.73 (1.21–6.19) | 2.87 (1.00–8.19) | |
Overweight/obese vs. normal | 1.20 (0.69–2.05) | 1.27 (0.73–2.20) |
Covariates in the Overall Multivariate Analysis | Compared Categories | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male vs. female | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | <0.001 |
Age | 16–17.9 vs. 14–15.9 years | 1.25 (1.11–1.39) | <0.001 |
Parental marital status | Separated/divorced vs. married/living together | 1.19 (1.06–1.35) | 0.005 |
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Sergentanis, T.N.; Bampalitsa, S.D.; Theofilou, P.; Panagouli, E.; Vlachopapadopoulou, E.; Michalacos, S.; Gryparis, A.; Thomaidis, L.; Psaltopoulou, T.; Tsolia, M.; et al. Cyberbullying and Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Associations in Seven European Countries of the EU NET ADB Survey. Children 2021, 8, 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030235
Sergentanis TN, Bampalitsa SD, Theofilou P, Panagouli E, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Michalacos S, Gryparis A, Thomaidis L, Psaltopoulou T, Tsolia M, et al. Cyberbullying and Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Associations in Seven European Countries of the EU NET ADB Survey. Children. 2021; 8(3):235. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030235
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergentanis, Theodoros N., Sofia D. Bampalitsa, Paraskevi Theofilou, Eleni Panagouli, Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou, Stefanos Michalacos, Alexandros Gryparis, Loretta Thomaidis, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Maria Tsolia, and et al. 2021. "Cyberbullying and Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Associations in Seven European Countries of the EU NET ADB Survey" Children 8, no. 3: 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030235