Long-Term Outcome of Indomethacin Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Hemicrania—A Case Series
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diagnostic Criteria |
---|
A. At least 20 attacks fulfilling criteria B–E |
B. Severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain lasting 2–30 min |
C. Either or both of the following: |
1. At least one of the following symptoms or signs, ipsilateral to the headache: |
(a) conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation |
(b) nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea |
(c) eyelid edema |
(d) forehead and facial sweating |
(e) miosis and/or ptosis |
2. A sense of restlessness or agitation |
D. Occurring with a frequency of > 5 per day 1 |
E. Prevented absolutely by therapeutic doses of indomethacin |
F. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis |
Item | Patient No./Gender | All Mean ± SD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/m | 2/m | 3/f | 4/m | 5/m | 6/m | 7/f | 8/m | ||
Age at PH onset (years) | 1.2 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 10.4 | 11.8 | 7.3 ± 3.2 |
Age at the time of diagnosis (years) | 4.1 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 11..9 | 8.1 ± 2.5 |
Time to diagnosis (months) | 34.5 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 8.0 | 17.7 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 10.5 ± 10.8 |
Mean pain intensity (NRS) | 10 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 7.3 ± 2.5 |
Maximum pain intensity (NRS) | 10 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 9.0 ± 1.2 |
Mean attack duration (min) | 25 | 20 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 19.8 ± 11.1 |
Type of PH | EPH | CPH | CPH | CPH | EPH | CPH | CPH | EPH | CPH:EPH ratio 1.67:1 |
Indomethacin starting dose (mg/kgbw) | 3.0 | 2.96 | 1.33 | 3.41 | 2.36 | 2.82 | 2.65 | 3.35 | 2.75 ± 0.66 |
Indomethacin treatment period (years) | - | 2.4 | - | 4.2 | 0.9 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.2 ± 1.9 |
ICHD-3 Diagnostic Criteria for PH | Patient No./Gender | All (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/m | 2/m | 3/f | 4/m | 5/m | 6/m | 7/f | 8/m | |||
A | At least 20 attacks fulfilling the criteria | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 100 |
B | Severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain lasting 2–30 min | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 100 |
C | Either or both of the following: | |||||||||
1. Headache accompanied by (at least one) | ||||||||||
(a) conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation | x | x | 25.0 | |||||||
(b) nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea | x | x | x | 37.5 | ||||||
(c) eyelid edema | 0 | |||||||||
(d) forehead and facial sweating | x | x | x | x | 50.0 | |||||
(e) miosis and/or ptosis | x | x | x | 37.5 | ||||||
2. A sense of restlessness or agitation | x | x | x | x | x | 62.5 | ||||
D | Occurring with a frequency of > 5 per day 1 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 100 |
E | Prevented absolutely by indomethacin | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 100 |
F | Not better accounted for by other diagnosis | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 100 |
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Mauritz, M.D.; Enninger, A.; Wamsler, C.; Wager, J.; Zernikow, B. Long-Term Outcome of Indomethacin Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Hemicrania—A Case Series. Children 2021, 8, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020101
Mauritz MD, Enninger A, Wamsler C, Wager J, Zernikow B. Long-Term Outcome of Indomethacin Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Hemicrania—A Case Series. Children. 2021; 8(2):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020101
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauritz, Maximilian David, Anna Enninger, Christine Wamsler, Julia Wager, and Boris Zernikow. 2021. "Long-Term Outcome of Indomethacin Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Hemicrania—A Case Series" Children 8, no. 2: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020101
APA StyleMauritz, M. D., Enninger, A., Wamsler, C., Wager, J., & Zernikow, B. (2021). Long-Term Outcome of Indomethacin Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Hemicrania—A Case Series. Children, 8(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020101