Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Standard Protocol Approvals and Patient Consents
2.3. Clinical Characteristics
2.4. Parental Education
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Very Preterm (n = 60) | Term (n = 60) | pa | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
Gestational age, weeks (range) | 28.7 (23.9–31.7) | 39.5 (38.0–42.0) | <0.001 |
Birth weight, gram (range) | 1126.0 (430–1860) | 3414.3 (2380–4895) | <0.001 |
Female, n | 30 | 30 | 1.0 |
Follow-up characteristics | |||
Age at assessment, years | 5.9 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.3) | 0.681 |
Parental education (high, n (%)) | 36 (60) | 41 (68) | 0.341 |
Visual perception, standard score | 8.8 (3.2) | 10.4 (2.8) | 0.004 |
Fine motor skills, standard score | 7.1 (2.5) | 9.4 (2.0) | <0.001 |
Visual-motor skills, standard score | 7.4 (2.3) | 9.6 (1.8) | <0.001 |
Visual Perception | Fine Motor Skills | Visual-Motor Skills | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | 95% CI | β | p | b | 95% CI | β | p | b | 95% CI | β | p | |
Step 1 | ||||||||||||
Very preterm | −1.60 | −2.68 to −0.52 | −0.26 | 0.004 | −2.23 | −3.06 to −1.40 | −0.44 | <0.001 | −2.24 | −2.99 to −1.49 | −0.48 | <0.001 |
Total R2 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.23 | |||||||||
Step 2 | ||||||||||||
Very preterm | −1.53 | −2.61 to −0.45 | −0.25 | 0.006 | −2.19 | −3.02 to −1.37 | −0.44 | <0.001 | −2.17 | −2.91 to −1.43 | −0.46 | <0.001 |
Female | −0.11 | −1.21 to 0.99 | −0.02 | 0.841 | 0.59 | −0.26 to 1.42 | 0.12 | 0.170 | −0.10 | −0.86 to 0.66 | −0.02 | 0.793 |
Education high | 0.85 | −0.30 to 2.00 | 0.13 | 0.147 | 0.45 | −0.43 to 1.33 | 0.09 | 0.316 | 0.91 | 0.12 to 1.70 | 0.19 | 0.025 |
Total R2 (∆ R2) a | 0.09 * (0.02) | 0.21 *** (0.02) | 0.27 *** (0.04) |
Very Preterm | Term | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Visual perception | 23.3 | 8.3 | 3.35 (1.12–9.99) | 3.45 (1.12–10.64) |
Fine motor skills | 45.0 | 11.7 | 6.20 (2.43–15.83) | 6.24 (2.42–16.04) |
Visual-motor skills | 46.7 | 6.7 | 12.25 (3.94–38.08) | 13.48 (4.13–44.00) |
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Dathe, A.-K.; Jaekel, J.; Franzel, J.; Hoehn, T.; Felderhoff-Mueser, U.; Huening, B.M. Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study. Children 2020, 7, 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7120276
Dathe A-K, Jaekel J, Franzel J, Hoehn T, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Huening BM. Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study. Children. 2020; 7(12):276. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7120276
Chicago/Turabian StyleDathe, Anne-Kathrin, Julia Jaekel, Julia Franzel, Thomas Hoehn, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser, and Britta M. Huening. 2020. "Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study" Children 7, no. 12: 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7120276