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Volume 11
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10.3390/children11040394
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Article

Pediatric Migraine and Visual Cortical Excitability: A Prospective Observational Study with Sound-Induced Flash Illusions

by
Salvatore Di Marco
1,2,
Laura Pilati
1,2,
Angelo Torrente
1,
Simona Maccora
1,3,
Andrea Santangelo
4,
Giuseppe Cosentino
5,6,
Edvige Correnti
7,
Vincenzo Raieli
7,*,
Brigida Fierro
1 and
Filippo Brighina
1
1
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
2
Neurology and Stroke Unit, P.O. “S. Antonio Abate”, 91016 Trapani, Italy
3
Neurology Unit, ARNAS Civico di Cristina and Benfratelli Hospitals, 90127 Palermo, Italy
4
Pediatrics Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
5
Translational Neurophysiology Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
6
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
7
Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit—ISMEP, “G. Di Cristina” Children’s Hospital—ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2024, 11(4), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040394
Submission received: 12 February 2024 / Revised: 22 March 2024 / Accepted: 23 March 2024 / Published: 26 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Headaches: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Issues)
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Abstract

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine are more difficult to investigate in children than in the adult population. Abnormal cortical excitability turns out to be one of the most peculiar aspects of migraine, accounting for the manifestations of migraine attacks. Recently, visual cortical excitability has been explored effectively in adult migraineurs with a technique based on cross-modal audio-visual illusions (with sound-induced flash illusions (SIFIs) being reduced in migraineurs compared to non-migraineur subjects). On such a basis, in this study, we investigated visual cortical excitability in children with migraine using SIFIs using combinations of visual and sound stimuli presented randomly. We evaluated 26 children with migraine without aura and 16 healthy children. Migraineurs did not differ from the age-matched healthy subjects regarding fission or fusion illusions but perceived more flashes in trials of multiple flashes with or without beeps. The higher number of SIFIs in migraineur children compared to adults may be due to a greater propensity of visual stimulation to be driven by auditory stimuli (i.e., acoustic dominance). The increased ability to perceive flashes reveals a hyperfunctional visual cortex, demonstrating that the use of SIFIs is a valid tool for assessing visual cortical responsiveness even in pediatric migraine.
Keywords: pediatric migraine; cortical excitability; sound-induced flash illusion; headache pediatric migraine; cortical excitability; sound-induced flash illusion; headache
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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Marco, S.; Pilati, L.; Torrente, A.; Maccora, S.; Santangelo, A.; Cosentino, G.; Correnti, E.; Raieli, V.; Fierro, B.; Brighina, F. Pediatric Migraine and Visual Cortical Excitability: A Prospective Observational Study with Sound-Induced Flash Illusions. Children 2024, 11, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040394

AMA Style

Di Marco S, Pilati L, Torrente A, Maccora S, Santangelo A, Cosentino G, Correnti E, Raieli V, Fierro B, Brighina F. Pediatric Migraine and Visual Cortical Excitability: A Prospective Observational Study with Sound-Induced Flash Illusions. Children. 2024; 11(4):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040394

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Marco, Salvatore, Laura Pilati, Angelo Torrente, Simona Maccora, Andrea Santangelo, Giuseppe Cosentino, Edvige Correnti, Vincenzo Raieli, Brigida Fierro, and Filippo Brighina. 2024. "Pediatric Migraine and Visual Cortical Excitability: A Prospective Observational Study with Sound-Induced Flash Illusions" Children 11, no. 4: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040394

APA Style

Di Marco, S., Pilati, L., Torrente, A., Maccora, S., Santangelo, A., Cosentino, G., Correnti, E., Raieli, V., Fierro, B., & Brighina, F. (2024). Pediatric Migraine and Visual Cortical Excitability: A Prospective Observational Study with Sound-Induced Flash Illusions. Children, 11(4), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040394

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