Hematologic Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Retrospective Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Group 1 (with ROP, n = 59 Patients) | Group 2 (without ROP, n = 90 Patients) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gestational age at birth, weeks (mean ± SD) | 27.97 ± 2.50 | 29.83 ± 1.71 | <0.001 |
Birth weight, grams (mean ± SD) | 1102.8 ± 379.52 | 1366.83 ± 319.92 | <0.001 |
Newborns’ gender (n/%) | Male = 30 (50.8%) Female = 29 (49.2%) | Male = 56 (62.2%) Female = 34 (37.8%) | 0.16 |
Apgar score at 1 min (mean ± SD) | 4.49 ± 1.66 | 5.42 ± 1.59 | <0.001 |
Apgar score at 5 min (mean ± SD) | 5.64 ± 1.39 | 6.47 ± 1.30 | <0.001 |
Antenatal corticosteroid administration (n/%) | Yes = 12 (20.3%) | Yes = 13 (14.4%) | 0.37 |
Neonatal Comorbidities | Group 1 (with ROP, n = 59 Patients) | Group 2 (without ROP, n = 90 Patients) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
NEC (n/%) | Yes = 11 (18.6%) | Yes = 12 (13.3%) | 0.30 |
IUGR (n/%) | Yes = 14 (23.7%) | Yes = 10 (11.1%) | 0.04 |
Mild BPD (n/%) | Yes = 10 (16.9%) | Yes = 4 (4.4%) | 0.01 |
Moderate BPD (n/%) | Yes = 5 (8.5%) | Yes = 4 (4.4%) | 0.31 |
Severe BPD (n/%) | Yes = 3 (5.1%) | Yes = 2 (2.2%) | 0.34 |
Systemic infection (n/%) | Yes = 18 (30.5%) | Yes = 4 (4.4%) | <0.001 |
IVH (n/%) | Yes = 28 (47.5%) | Yes = 22 (24.4%) | 0.004 |
Therapeutic Interventions | Group 1 (with ROP, n = 59 Patients) | Group 2 (without ROP, n = 90 Patients) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
FiO2 in delivery room (mean ± SD) | 0.42 ± 0.22 | 0.39 ± 0.19 | 0.16 |
High-flow oxygen therapy, days (mean ± SD) | 11.83 ± 20.01 | 2.87 ± 8.54 | <0.001 |
CPAP, days (mean ± SD) | 8.80 ± 8.59 | 4.10 ± 4.51 | <0.001 |
CPAP FiO2 > 30%, days (mean ± SD) | 0.46 ± 2.02 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | <0.001 |
CPAP FiO2: 25–30%, days (mean ± SD) | 0.93 ± 1.57 | 0.33 ± 1.06 | <0.001 |
CPAP FiO2: 21–25%, days (mean ± SD) | 7.32 ± 7.85 | 3.74 ± 3.87 | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation, days (mean ± SD) | 14.34 ± 22.87 | 2.82 ± 6.53 | <0.001 |
Transfusion of packed red blood cells <7 days (n/%) | Yes = 23 (39%) | Yes = 11 (12.2%) | <0.001 |
Transfusion of packed red blood cells days 7–28 (n/%) | Yes = 27 (45.8%) | Yes = 19 (21.1%) | 0.001 |
Transfusion of packed red blood cells >28 days (n/%) | Yes = 38 (64.4%) | Yes = 34 (37.8%) | 0.001 |
Erythropoietin administration (n/%) | Yes = 55 (42%) | Yes = 76 (58%) | 0.10 |
Oral iron administration | Yes = 59 (100%) | Yes = 82 (91.1%) | 0.019 |
Hematological Parameter | Subgroup 1 (Stage 1, n = 35) | Subgroup 2 (Stage 2, n = 18) | Subgroup 3 (Stage 3, n = 6) | Control Group (n = 90) | Mean Squares between Groups | F Score | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hb, number ×106/mm3, day 1 (mean ± SD) | 15.33 ± 3.19 | 15 ± 2.82 | 14.51 ± 3.86 | 16.38 ± 2.22 | 19.40 | 2.82 | 0.041 |
Ht, %, day 1 (mean ± SD) | 48.31 ± 10.14 | 47.05 ± 8.22 | 45.65 ± 11.49 | 51.78 ± 6.84 | 217.751 | 3.329 | 0.021 |
PLT, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 246.628 ± 100.699 | 248.666 ± 107.182 | 340.666 ± 171.011 | 235.122 ± 73.8692 | 21,260.477 | 2.630 | 0.052 |
MPV, fL, day 1 (mean ± SD) | 6.44 ± 1.11 | 5.97 ± 0.83 | 6.88 ± 1.65 | 6.33 ± 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.11 | 0.347 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, day 1 (mean ± SD) | 1546.82 ± 615.66 | 1448.16 ± 589.68 | 2148.2 ± 791.36 | 1460.04 ± 466.55 | 927,678.04 | 3.25 | 0.023 |
Hb, number ×106/mm3, day 7 (mean ± SD) | 14.02 ± 2.70 | 14.14 ± 2.74 | 13.6 ± 4.03 | 15.35 ± 2.30 | 21.660 | 3.369 | 0.020 |
Ht, %, day 7 (mean ± SD) | 43.56 ± 8.45 | 44.38 ± 7.91 | 43.25 ± 13.03 | 48.56 ± 6.97 | 274.203 | 4.581 | 0.004 |
PLT day 7, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 236.314 ± 99.170 | 263.277 ± 123.695 | 306.666 ± 143.960 | 235.533 ± 83.622 | 12,711.481 | 1.396 | 0.246 |
MPV, fL, day 7 (mean ± SD) | 6.92 ± 1.52 | 6.76 ± 1.26 | 7.13 ± 3.27 | 6.49 ± 1.24 | 2.129 | 1.038 | 0.378 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, day 7 (mean ± SD) | 1563.45 ± 556.35 | 1677.75 ± 696.29 | 1894.91 ± 569.40 | 1502.09 ± 553.85 | 406,212.909 | 1.235 | 0.299 |
Hb, number ×106/mm3, day 10 (mean ± SD) | 13.28 ± 2.27 | 12.92 ± 2.70 | 11.25 ± 2.56 | 14.52 ± 2.21 | 35.853 | 6.740 | <0.001 |
Ht, %, day 10 (mean ± SD) | 40.91 ± 7.04 | 40.39 ± 8.18 | 35.31 ± 8.24 | 45.18 ± 6.65 | 350.064 | 7.140 | <0.001 |
PLT day 10, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 310.228 ± 120.888 | 311.28 ± 167.19 | 243.33 ± 98.22 | 308.09 ± 107.35 | 8354.098 | 0.592 | 0.621 |
MPV, fL, day 10 (mean ± SD) | 7.43 ± 1.58 | 7.84 ± 2.07 | 7.63 ± 2.58 | 7.39 ± 1.45 | 1.068 | 0.407 | 0.748 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, day 10 (mean ± SD) | 2273.29 ± 957.03 | 2332.27 ± 1214.06 | 1671.51 ± 460.78 | 2252.51 ± 843.05 | 714,409.469 | 0.860 | 0.464 |
Hb, number ×106/mm3, week 32 (mean ± SD) | 10.89 ± 2.45 | 10.51 ± 2.04 | 10.16 ± 1.29 | 11.06 ± 2.43 | 2.808 | 0.502 | 0.682 |
Ht, %, week 32 (mean ± SD) | 33.96 ± 7.62 | 32.60 ± 6.46 | 31.80 ± 4.68 | 37.23 ± 26.29 | 193.581 | 0.436 | 0.727 |
PLT week 32, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 397.81 ± 152.65 | 394.55 ± 164.39 | 421.33 ± 243.62 | 418.51 ± 125.37 | 5555.259 | 0.273 | 0.845 |
MPV, fL, week 32 (mean ± SD) | 6.94 ± 1.09 | 7.26 ± 1.66 | 7.33 ± 1.99 | 7.17 ± 1.73 | 0.678 | 0.262 | 0.853 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, week 32 (mean ± SD) | 2711.19 ± 1017.06 | 2731.77 ± 1022.69 | 3289.08 ± 2369.87 | 2951.12 ± 959.16 | 950,540.143 | 0.846 | 0.471 |
Hb, number ×106/mm3, week 33 (mean ± SD) | 10.62 ± 2.67 | 10.14 ± 1.49 | 8.11 ± 4.11 | 10.53 ± 2.08 | 11.910 | 2.296 | 0.080 |
Ht, %, week 33 (mean ± SD) | 33.06 ± 7.98 | 31.75 ± 3.99 | 26.40 ± 13.86 | 32.91 ± 6.44 | 86.426 | 1.767 | 0.156 |
PLT week 33, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 354.74 ± 133.31 | 356.06 ± 139.80 | 324.33 ± 235.03 | 392.61 ± 114.43 | 21,260.173 | 1.296 | 0.278 |
MPV, fL, week 33 (mean ± SD) | 6.87 ± 1.72 | 6.66 ± 1.14 | 5.78 ± 3.07 | 6.83 ± 1.30 | 2.265 | 1.018 | 0.387 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, week 33 (mean ± SD) | 2474.70 ± 908.27 | 2339.45 ± 880.26 | 2262.20 ± 1637.63 | 2626.48 ± 760 | 669,691.404 | 0.916 | 0.435 |
Hb, number ×106/mm3, week 34 (mean ± SD) | 9.56 ± 3.29 | 9.29 ± 2.80 | 6.88 ± 5.59 | 10.04 ± 2.20 | 20.526 | 2.729 | 0.046 |
Ht, %, week 34 (mean ± SD) | 29.46 ± 9.94 | 29.25 ± 8.77 | 21.31 ± 17.26 | 31.46 ± 6.85 | 216.777 | 3.038 | 0.031 |
PLT week 34, number/mm3 (mean ± SD) | 331.40 ± 148.02 | 310.56 ± 129.10 | 281.50 ± 264.17 | 374.70 ± 128.60 | 40,603.549 | 2.066 | 0.107 |
MPV, fL, week 34 (mean ± SD) | 6.49 ± 2.22 | 5.98 ± 1.77 | 4.93 ± 4.00 | 6.64 ± 2.02 | 6.989 | 1.521 | 0.212 |
PMI, fL*nL−1, week 34 (mean ± SD) | 2312.79 ± 973.83 | 1923.92 ± 795.28 | 2180.01 ± 2268.03 | 2474.78 ± 905.95 | 1,626,865.633 | 1.664 | 0.177 |
Hematological Parameter | Odds Ratio | 95%CI Lower Limit | 95%CI Upper Limit | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hb day 1 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 1.15 | 0.093 |
Hb day 7 | 1.32 | 0.95 | 1.84 | 0.090 |
Hb day 10 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 1.03 | 0.703 |
Hb week 32 | 0.97 | 0.21 | 4.51 | 0.975 |
Hb week 33 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.649 |
Hb week 34 | 3.36 | 0.84 | 13.38 | 0.085 |
Ht day 1 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.051 |
Ht day 7 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 0.314 |
Ht day 10 | 2.57 | 0.85 | 7.75 | 0.092 |
Ht week 32 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.347 |
Ht week 33 | 2.32 | 0.68 | 7.84 | 0.174 |
Ht week 34 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 1.06 | 0.093 |
PLT day 1 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.216 |
PLT day 7 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 1.14 | 0.090 |
PLT day 10 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.216 |
PLT week 32 | 1.15 | 0.74 | 1.78 | 0.518 |
PLT week 33 | 0.98 | 0.87 | 1.10 | 0.812 |
PLT week 34 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.351 |
MPV day 1 | 0.92 | 0.31 | 2.72 | 0.890 |
MPV day 7 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.253 |
MPV day 10 | 1.28 | 0.26 | 6.34 | 0.755 |
MPV week 32 | 0.95 | 0.56 | 1.59 | 0.852 |
MPV week 33 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.851 |
MPV week 34 | 1.188 | 0.55 | 2.56 | 0.658 |
PMI day 1 | 4.151 | 1.39 | 7.50 | 0.032 |
PMI day 7 | 3.57 | 0.65 | 10.05 | 0.023 |
PMI day 10 | 3.72 | 0.46 | 8.13 | 0.018 |
PMI week 32 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.839 |
PMI week 33 | 1.11 | 0.58 | 2.12 | 0.743 |
PMI week 34 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.594 |
Hematological Parameter | Odds Ratio | 95%CI Lower Limit | 95%CI Upper Limit | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hb day 1 | 2.93 | 0.79 | 10.83 | 0.107 |
Hb day 7 | 1.05 | 0.33 | 3.32 | 0.932 |
Hb day 10 | 0.71 | 0.15 | 3.32 | 0.671 |
Hb week 32 | 2.90 | 0.67 | 4.12 | 0.089 |
Hb week 33 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 2.46 | 0.216 |
Hb week 34 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 3.00 | 0.252 |
Ht day 1 | 0.66 | 0.42 | 1.03 | 0.073 |
Ht day 7 | 1.01 | 0.69 | 1.49 | 0.930 |
Ht day 10 | 1.06 | 0.62 | 1.80 | 0.831 |
Ht week 32 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 1.11 | 0.083 |
Ht week 33 | 1.54 | 0.70 | 3.36 | 0.276 |
Ht week 34 | 1.72 | 0.72 | 4.08 | 0.215 |
PLT day 1 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 1.04 | 0.411 |
PLT day 7 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.11 | 0.213 |
PLT day 10 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 0.251 |
PLT week 32 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.297 |
PLT week 33 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.01 | 0.556 |
PLT week 34 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 0.116 |
MPV day 1 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 1.18 | 0.061 |
MPV day 7 | 1.79 | 0.50 | 6.04 | 0.174 |
MPV day 10 | 2.78 | 0.97 | 7.96 | 0.056 |
MPV week 32 | 2.09 | 0.63 | 6.89 | 0.222 |
MPV week 33 | 1.43 | 0.39 | 5.22 | 0.587 |
MPV week 34 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.450 |
PMI day 1 | 7.67 | 1.87 | 16.48 | 0.036 |
PMI day 7 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.270 |
PMI day 10 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.307 |
PMI week 32 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.385 |
PMI week 33 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.958 |
PMI week 34 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.067 |
Hematological Parameter | Odds Ratio | 95%CI Lower Limit | 95%CI Upper Limit | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hb day 1 | 0.84 | 0.64 | 1.09 | 0.201 |
Hb day 7 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.13 | 0.240 |
Hb day 10 | 0.57 | 0.38 | 0.87 | 0.069 |
Hb week 32 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 1.26 | 0.423 |
Hb week 33 | 0.84 | 0.59 | 1.19 | 0.333 |
Hb week 34 | 0.87 | 0.65 | 1.17 | 0.363 |
Ht day 1 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.26 | 0.479 |
Ht day 7 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 1.34 | 0.189 |
Ht day 10 | 0.77 | 0.61 | 0.97 | 0.061 |
Ht week 32 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 1.14 | 0.751 |
Ht week 33 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 0.630 |
Ht week 34 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 1.04 | 0.259 |
PLT day 1 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 2.03 | 0.430 |
PLT day 7 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.090 |
PLT day 10 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 1.99 | 0.314 |
PLT week 32 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.651 |
PLT week 33 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.726 |
PLT week 34 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.694 |
MPV day 1 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 4.59 | 0.759 |
MPV day 7 | 1.62 | 0.27 | 9.70 | 0.595 |
MPV day 10 | 0.94 | 0.30 | 2.92 | 0.924 |
MPV week 32 | 0.58 | 0.19 | 1.71 | 0.326 |
MPV week 33 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 1.44 | 0.209 |
MPV week 34 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.078 |
PMI day 1 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.153 |
PMI day 7 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.050 |
PMI day 10 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.375 |
PMI week 32 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.662 |
PMI week 33 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.148 |
PMI week 34 | 0.84 | 0.64 | 1.09 | 0.201 |
ROP Stage | Hematological Parameter | Cut-Off (fL*nL−1) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | ROC Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PMI day 1 | 1514.3 | 57 | 59 | 0.58 |
PMI day 7 | 1627.6 | 49 | 61 | 0.55 | |
PMI day 10 | 2321.8 | 57 | 63 | 0.60 | |
2 | PMI day 1 | 1570.4 | 44 | 61 | 0.53 |
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Zonda, G.I.; Mogos, R.; Melinte-Popescu, A.-S.; Adam, A.-M.; Harabor, V.; Nemescu, D.; Socolov, D.; Harabor, A.; Melinte-Popescu, M.; Hincu, M.A.; et al. Hematologic Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Retrospective Study. Children 2023, 10, 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030567
Zonda GI, Mogos R, Melinte-Popescu A-S, Adam A-M, Harabor V, Nemescu D, Socolov D, Harabor A, Melinte-Popescu M, Hincu MA, et al. Hematologic Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Retrospective Study. Children. 2023; 10(3):567. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030567
Chicago/Turabian StyleZonda, Gabriela Ildiko, Raluca Mogos, Alina-Sînziana Melinte-Popescu, Ana-Maria Adam, Valeriu Harabor, Dragos Nemescu, Demetra Socolov, Anamaria Harabor, Marian Melinte-Popescu, Maura Adelina Hincu, and et al. 2023. "Hematologic Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Retrospective Study" Children 10, no. 3: 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030567
APA StyleZonda, G. I., Mogos, R., Melinte-Popescu, A.-S., Adam, A.-M., Harabor, V., Nemescu, D., Socolov, D., Harabor, A., Melinte-Popescu, M., Hincu, M. A., Vasilache, I.-A., Carauleanu, A., Adam, G., & Paduraru, L. (2023). Hematologic Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Retrospective Study. Children, 10(3), 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030567