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Article

Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

by
Eva Rüfenacht
1,*,
Eléonore Pham
1,
Rosetta Nicastro
1,
Karen Dieben
1,
Roland Hasler
1,
Sébastien Weibel
2,3,† and
Nader Perroud
1,4,†
1
TRE Unit, Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1201 Geneva 4, Switzerland
2
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
3
Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie—INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, 67085 Strasbourg, France
4
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These two authors contributed equally to the work.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(10), 1469; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101469
Submission received: 11 September 2021 / Revised: 5 October 2021 / Accepted: 7 October 2021 / Published: 14 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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Abstract

Childhood maltreatment (CM) may have a long-term effect on emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CM and emotion dysregulation (ED) in a heterogeneous population. Four hundred seventy French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Reports of childhood maltreatment experiences were significantly associated with increased levels of emotion reactivity in all our groups and in the whole population, with a greater use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and insecure attachment patterns. Emotional abuse showed the strongest effect. Further analysis indicated that an anxious attachment style significantly mediated the relationship between CM and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotion reactivity. The results of our study suggest an impact of CM on ED and a potentially marked effect of emotional abuse. They also indicate a potentially mediating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and emotion reactivity and a higher use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adulthood.
Keywords: childhood maltreatment; emotion dysregulation; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; borderline personality disorder; comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder; cognitive emotion regulation strategies childhood maltreatment; emotion dysregulation; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; borderline personality disorder; comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder; cognitive emotion regulation strategies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rüfenacht, E.; Pham, E.; Nicastro, R.; Dieben, K.; Hasler, R.; Weibel, S.; Perroud, N. Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1469. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101469

AMA Style

Rüfenacht E, Pham E, Nicastro R, Dieben K, Hasler R, Weibel S, Perroud N. Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(10):1469. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101469

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rüfenacht, Eva, Eléonore Pham, Rosetta Nicastro, Karen Dieben, Roland Hasler, Sébastien Weibel, and Nader Perroud. 2021. "Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder" Biomedicines 9, no. 10: 1469. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101469

APA Style

Rüfenacht, E., Pham, E., Nicastro, R., Dieben, K., Hasler, R., Weibel, S., & Perroud, N. (2021). Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder. Biomedicines, 9(10), 1469. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101469

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