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Chemosensors
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/chemosensors13050192
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2 with Different Crystal Phases for H2 Detection

by
Manyi Liu
1,
Liang Wang
1,
Shan Ren
1,2,*,
Bofeng Bai
2,
Shouning Chai
2,
Chi He
2,
Chunli Zheng
2,
Xinzhe Li
2,
Xitao Yin
3 and
Chunbao Charles Xu
4
1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China
4
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chemosensors 2025, 13(5), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050192
Submission received: 26 April 2025 / Revised: 13 May 2025 / Accepted: 19 May 2025 / Published: 21 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Materials for Gas Sensing)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Herein, a facile strategy was proposed to enhance the gas sensing performance of SnO2 for H2 by regulating its crystalline phase composition. Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursors with different morphologies were synthesized by introducing the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Upon calcination, these precursors yielded either mixed-phase (orthorhombic and tetragonal, SnO2-C) or single-phase (pure tetragonal, SnO2-NC) SnO2 nanoparticles. Structural characterization and gas sensing tests revealed that SnO2-C exhibited a high response of 7.73 to 100 ppm H2 at 280 °C, more than twice that of SnO2-NC (3.75). Moreover, SnO2-C demonstrated a faster response/recovery time (10/56 s), high selectivity, a ppb-level detection limit (~79 ppb), and excellent long-term stability. Notably, although the addition of CTAB reduced the specific surface area of SnO2, the resulting lower surface area minimized oxygen exposure during calcination, facilitating the formation of a mixed-phase heterostructure. In addition, the calcination atmosphere of SnO2-C (flowing air or Ar) was adjusted to further investigate the role of the crystal phase in gas sensing performance. The results clearly demonstrated that mixed-phase SnO2 exhibited superior sensing performance, achieving a higher sensitivity and a faster response to H2. These findings underscored the critical role of crystal phase engineering in the design of high-performance gas sensing materials.
Keywords: Sn-MOF; gas sensing; CTAB; SnO2 crystal phases; H2 detection Sn-MOF; gas sensing; CTAB; SnO2 crystal phases; H2 detection

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, M.; Wang, L.; Ren, S.; Bai, B.; Chai, S.; He, C.; Zheng, C.; Li, X.; Yin, X.; Xu, C.C. Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2 with Different Crystal Phases for H2 Detection. Chemosensors 2025, 13, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050192

AMA Style

Liu M, Wang L, Ren S, Bai B, Chai S, He C, Zheng C, Li X, Yin X, Xu CC. Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2 with Different Crystal Phases for H2 Detection. Chemosensors. 2025; 13(5):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050192

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Manyi, Liang Wang, Shan Ren, Bofeng Bai, Shouning Chai, Chi He, Chunli Zheng, Xinzhe Li, Xitao Yin, and Chunbao Charles Xu. 2025. "Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2 with Different Crystal Phases for H2 Detection" Chemosensors 13, no. 5: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050192

APA Style

Liu, M., Wang, L., Ren, S., Bai, B., Chai, S., He, C., Zheng, C., Li, X., Yin, X., & Xu, C. C. (2025). Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2 with Different Crystal Phases for H2 Detection. Chemosensors, 13(5), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050192

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