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Systematic Review

Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

by
Micaela C. Morgado
1,2,*,
Mónica Sousa
3,4,
André B. Coelho
5,
Júlio A. Costa
2 and
André Seabra
1,2
1
Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
2
Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
3
CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
4
CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
5
Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(17), 2459; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172459
Submission received: 19 July 2023 / Revised: 29 August 2023 / Accepted: 1 September 2023 / Published: 3 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Excess Weight, Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)
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Abstract

The recognition that the gut microbiota of obese children differs from lean children has grown, and some studies suggest that physical activity positively influences the gut microbiota. This systematic review explores the changes in the gut microbiota composition of obese and non-obese children and adolescents and provides an understanding of the effects of physical activity interventions in modulating their microbiota. The PRISMA protocol was used across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, twenty-four research papers were included in accordance with the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen studies compared the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and six studies explored the effect of physical activity interventions on the gut microbiota. The analysis indicated that obese gut microbiota is reduced in Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity but enriched in Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus. Interventions with physical activity seem to improve the alpha diversity and beneficial bacteria linked to body weight loss in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota of obese children exhibited a remarkably individual variation. More interventions are needed to clearly and accurately explore the relationships between child obesity, gut microbiota, and physical activity and to develop approaches to decrease the incidence of paediatric obesity.
Keywords: childhood; obesity; lifestyle; exercise; intestinal microbiota; Bacteroidetes; microbiota diversity childhood; obesity; lifestyle; exercise; intestinal microbiota; Bacteroidetes; microbiota diversity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Morgado, M.C.; Sousa, M.; Coelho, A.B.; Costa, J.A.; Seabra, A. Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2459. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172459

AMA Style

Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Costa JA, Seabra A. Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 2023; 11(17):2459. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172459

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morgado, Micaela C., Mónica Sousa, André B. Coelho, Júlio A. Costa, and André Seabra. 2023. "Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review" Healthcare 11, no. 17: 2459. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172459

APA Style

Morgado, M. C., Sousa, M., Coelho, A. B., Costa, J. A., & Seabra, A. (2023). Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 11(17), 2459. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172459

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