It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries

Zafra, Aurelio Olmedilla; Martins, Bruno; Ponseti-Verdaguer, F. Javier; Ruiz-Barquín, Roberto; García-Mas, Alejandro

doi:10.3390/healthcare10020236

Open AccessArticle

It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries

by

Aurelio Olmedilla Zafra

¹

,

Bruno Martins

²,

F. Javier Ponseti-Verdaguer

^3,*

,

Roberto Ruiz-Barquín

⁴ and

Alejandro García-Mas

⁵

¹

Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, Campus Regional Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain

²

GICAFE (Research Group of Sports Sciences—UIB), University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal

³

GICAFE (Research Group of Sports Sciences), Department of Pedagogy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain

⁴

Department of Evolutive and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

⁵

GICAFE (Research Group of Sports Sciences), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Healthcare 2022, 10(2), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020236

Submission received: 20 December 2021 / Revised: 19 January 2022 / Accepted: 25 January 2022 / Published: 26 January 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Athletes’ Performance and Avoiding Health Issues)

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to extend the stress and injury model of Andersen and Williams to other “negative” psychological variables, such as anxiety and depression, encompassed in the conceptual model of Olmedilla and García-Mas. The relationship is studied of this psychological macro-variable with two other variables related to sports injuries: the search for social support and the search for connections between risk and the environment of athletes. A combination of classic methods and probabilistic approaches through Bayesian networks is used. The study samples comprised 455 traditional and indoor football players (323 male and 132 female) of an average age of 21.66 years (±4.46). An ad hoc questionnaire was used for the corresponding sociodemographic data and data relating to injuries. The variables measured were the emotional states of: stress, depression and anxiety, the attitude towards risk-taking in different areas, and the evaluation of the perception of social support. The results indicate that the probabilistic analysis conducted gives a boost to the classic model focused on stress, as well as the conceptual planning derived from the Global Model of Sports Injuries (GMSI), supporting the possibility of extending the stress model to other variables, such as anxiety and depression (“negative” triad).

Keywords: sports injuries; psychological factors; football; Bayesian network

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zafra, A.O.; Martins, B.; Ponseti-Verdaguer, F.J.; Ruiz-Barquín, R.; García-Mas, A. It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries. Healthcare 2022, 10, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020236

AMA Style

Zafra AO, Martins B, Ponseti-Verdaguer FJ, Ruiz-Barquín R, García-Mas A. It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries. Healthcare. 2022; 10(2):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020236

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafra, Aurelio Olmedilla, Bruno Martins, F. Javier Ponseti-Verdaguer, Roberto Ruiz-Barquín, and Alejandro García-Mas. 2022. "It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries" Healthcare 10, no. 2: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020236

APA Style

Zafra, A. O., Martins, B., Ponseti-Verdaguer, F. J., Ruiz-Barquín, R., & García-Mas, A. (2022). It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries. Healthcare, 10(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020236

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It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries

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