Twelve-Week Lower Trapezius-Centred Muscular Training Regimen in University Archers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Simulation Game
2.4. Upper Limb Joint Angle Motion
2.5. LT Strength
2.6. Shoulder Horizontal Abductor/Adductor Muscle Strength
2.7. Surface Electromyography
2.8. Additional Exercise Protocol
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pre-Exercise | Post-Exercise | ES | ICC | CV(%) | TE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||||
Exercise | Bow side | Shoulder abduction | 94 ± 6 | 91 ± 9 | 0.39 | 0.69 | 8 | 3 |
Horizontal extension | 141 ± 20 | 140 ± 28 | 0.04 | 0.91 | 17 | 5 | ||
Drawing side | Shoulder abduction | 120 ± 4 | 120 ± 4 | 0.01 | 0.76 | 3 | 2 | |
Horizontal extension | 147 ± 5 | 146 ± 5 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 3 | 2 | ||
Control | Bow side | Shoulder abduction | 95 ± 5 | 95 ± 5 | 0.01 | 0.61 | 5 | 2 |
Horizontal extension | 130 ± 33 | 137 ± 21 | 0.25 | 0.68 | 20 | 5 | ||
Drawing side | Shoulder abduction | 123 ± 6 | 120 ± 4 | 0.59 | 0.76 | 4 | 2 | |
Horizontal extension | 144 ± 9 | 143 ± 9 | 0.11 | 0.94 | 6 | 3 |
Pre-Exercise | Post-Exercise | ES | ICC | CV(%) | TE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||||
Exercise | Bow side | Lower trapezius | 49 ± 24 | 42 ± 17 | 0.33 | 0.88 | 44 | 4 |
Upper trapezius | 95 ± 35 | 69 ± 36 * | 0.73 | 0.80 | 44 | 6 | ||
Drawing side | Lower trapezius | 38 ± 16 | 40 ± 10 | 0.15 | 0.84 | 33 | 4 | |
Upper trapezius | 78 ± 22 | 44 ± 36 * | 1.14 | 0.47 | 55 | 6 | ||
Deltoid posterior | 85 ± 13 | 74 ± 15 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 18 | 4 | ||
Deltoid middle | 59 ± 12 | 59 ± 14 | 0.01 | 0.69 | 21 | 4 | ||
Triceps brachii | 26 ± 10 | 19 ± 14 * | 0.58 | 0.88 | 55 | 4 | ||
Biceps brachii | 42 ± 15 | 29 ± 12 *§ | 0.96 | 0.57 | 41 | 4 | ||
Control | Bow side | Lower trapezius | 63 ± 25 | 52 ± 17 | 0.51 | 0.74 | 37 | 5 |
Upper trapezius | 95 ± 17 | 95 ± 21 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 19 | 4 | ||
Drawing side | Lower trapezius | 54 ± 30 | 50 ± 24 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 50 | 5 | |
Upper trapezius | 77 ± 21 | 65 ± 30 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 36 | 5 | ||
Deltoid posterior | 93 ± 10 | 88 ± 4 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 8 | 3 | ||
Deltoid middle | 69 ± 16 | 56 ± 18 | 0.76 | 0.32 | 28 | 4 | ||
Triceps brachii | 34 ± 13 | 23 ± 12 * | 0.88 | 0.77 | 46 | 4 | ||
Biceps brachii | 54 ± 32 | 51 ± 24 | 0.11 | 0.97 | 51 | 5 |
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Liao, C.-N.; Fan, C.-H.; Hsu, W.-H.; Chang, C.-F.; Yu, P.-A.; Kuo, L.-T.; Lu, B.-L.; Hsu, R.W.-W. Twelve-Week Lower Trapezius-Centred Muscular Training Regimen in University Archers. Healthcare 2022, 10, 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010171
Liao C-N, Fan C-H, Hsu W-H, Chang C-F, Yu P-A, Kuo L-T, Lu B-L, Hsu RW-W. Twelve-Week Lower Trapezius-Centred Muscular Training Regimen in University Archers. Healthcare. 2022; 10(1):171. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010171
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Chien-Nan, Chun-Hao Fan, Wei-Hsiu Hsu, Chia-Fang Chang, Pei-An Yu, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Bo-Ling Lu, and Robert Wen-Wei Hsu. 2022. "Twelve-Week Lower Trapezius-Centred Muscular Training Regimen in University Archers" Healthcare 10, no. 1: 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010171