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Article

Playing Repeated Stochastic Security Games Against Non-Stationary Attackers

1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
2
School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030013, China
3
Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2025, 13(17), 2697; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172697
Submission received: 15 July 2025 / Revised: 16 August 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 22 August 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates a repeated stochastic security game against a non-stationary attacker. Most of the work to date assumes that the defender has a repeated interaction with a fixed type of attacker. In fact, the defender is more likely to encounter changing attackers in multi-round games. A defender faces an attacker whose identity is unknown. The attacker type changes stochastically over time and the defender cannot detect when these changes occur. We adopt the BPR (Bayesian Policy Reuse) algorithm to detect the switches of the attacker, and the defender could play the accurate policy correspondingly. The experiment results show that BPR algorithm could accurately detect switches and help the defender gain more utilities than the EXP3-S algorithm.
Keywords: repeated stochastic security games; non-stationary environments; switching strategies; Bayesian Policy Reuse repeated stochastic security games; non-stationary environments; switching strategies; Bayesian Policy Reuse

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, L.; Zhang, R. Playing Repeated Stochastic Security Games Against Non-Stationary Attackers. Mathematics 2025, 13, 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172697

AMA Style

Chen L, Zhang R. Playing Repeated Stochastic Security Games Against Non-Stationary Attackers. Mathematics. 2025; 13(17):2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172697

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Ling, and Runfa Zhang. 2025. "Playing Repeated Stochastic Security Games Against Non-Stationary Attackers" Mathematics 13, no. 17: 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172697

APA Style

Chen, L., & Zhang, R. (2025). Playing Repeated Stochastic Security Games Against Non-Stationary Attackers. Mathematics, 13(17), 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172697

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