MetaEmotions at School: A Program for Promoting Emotional and MetaEmotional Intelligence at School; a Research-Intervention Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. The Training Program: MetaEmotions at School
3. Results
3.1. Total Sample Results
3.2. Separate Intervention Classes Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Activity | Participants |
---|---|---|
I | Testing session I | Teachers and pupils from each intervention and comparison classes |
II | Experiential workshop I | Representative teachers and pupils from each intervention classes |
III | Class intervention | Teachers and pupils from each intervention classes |
IV | Experiential workshop II | Representative teachers and pupils from each intervention classes |
V | Testing session II | Teachers and pupils from each intervention and comparison classes |
Total Group | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | Intervention Group (n = 139) | Comparison Group (n = 125) | ANOVAs | |||||||||||||||||
Test | Retest | Test | Retest | Group | Time | Time × Group | ||||||||||||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F (1, 262) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 262) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 262) | p | ηp2 | d | |
CE | 96.08 | 15.42 | 96.58 | 15.16 | 102.15 | 15.25 | 98.61 | 15.81 | 7.06 | 0.008 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 1.80 | 0.181 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 3.16 | 0.076 | 0.01 | 0.13 |
CME | 97.09 | 16.49 | 98.52 | 17.70 | 102.79 | 15.62 | 101.96 | 16.38 | 6.99 | 0.009 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.784 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.06 | 0.304 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
AE | 95.14 | 15.99 | 94.49 | 17.21 | 101.43 | 17.63 | 95.30 | 16.55 | 4.35 | 0.038 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 8.09 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 5.31 | 0.022 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
AP | 104.17 | 14.11 | 84.87 | 12.69 | 103.65 | 13.39 | 87.17 | 10.67 | 0.45 | 0.504 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 448.12 | 0.000 | 0.63 | 1.40 | 2.79 | 0.096 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
CMeta_Rel | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.587 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 8.15 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.86 | 0.354 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
AVMeta_Rel | 0.13 | 0.25 | −0.07 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.20 | −0.06 | 0.18 | 2.21 | 0.138 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 118.65 | 0.000 | 0.31 | 0.72 | 10.32 | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.20 |
Intervention Class 1 (n = 16) | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 99.03 | 18.59 | 93.90 | 15.75 | 1.38 | 0.243 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 2.97 | 0.087 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.751 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CME | 90.51 | 19.27 | 90.56 | 16.06 | 10.11 | 0.002 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.856 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.840 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
AE | 105.75 | 21.90 | 91.49 | 27.79 | 0.00 | 0.948 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 13.74 | 0.000 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 2.18 | 0.142 | 0.02 | 0.14 | ||||
AP | 105.74 | 15.88 | 83.13 | 14.79 | 0.12 | 0.726 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 117.61 | 0.000 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 2.89 | 0.091 | 0.02 | 0.14 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | −0.11 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 2.23 | 0.138 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 16.36 | 0.000 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 4.84 | 0.030 | 0.03 | 0.17 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.04 | 0.27 | −0.03 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.739 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 8.55 | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.46 | 0.499 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
Intervention Class 2 (n = 10) | F (1, 133) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 133) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 133) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 97.34 | 21.68 | 95.32 | 21.76 | 0.88 | 0.350 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.84 | 0.361 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.803 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CME | 105.48 | 12.22 | 111.12 | 14.52 | 1.73 | 0.190 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.84 | 0.361 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 1.52 | 0.220 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
AE | 106.54 | 20.86 | 104.79 | 21.56 | 2.39 | 0.125 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 1.50 | 0.224 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.46 | 0.497 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
AP | 93.93 | 12.66 | 83.96 | 13.51 | 3.84 | 0.052 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 34.22 | 0.000 | 0.21 | 0.57 | 2.07 | 0.152 | 0.02 | 0.13 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.765 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 2.87 | 0.093 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.843 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | −0.09 | 0.20 | −0.18 | 0.15 | 5.98 | 0.016 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 7.86 | 0.006 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.824 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
Intervention Class 3 (n = 15) | F (1, 138) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 138) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 138) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 94.58 | 13.18 | 94.18 | 15.91 | 3.30 | 0.072 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.454 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.553 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
CME | 105.09 | 12.68 | 98.32 | 15.44 | 0.03 | 0.855 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.81 | 0.096 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 1.72 | 0.192 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
AE | 90.78 | 6.81 | 88.99 | 18.34 | 5.23 | 0.024 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 2.15 | 0.145 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.65 | 0.423 | 0.01 | 0.09 | ||||
AP | 107.19 | 8.98 | 88.92 | 14.87 | 0.96 | 0.329 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 81.18 | 0.000 | 0.37 | 0.89 | 0.22 | 0.644 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 1.64 | 0.203 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.732 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.25 | 0.136 | 0.02 | 0.13 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 7.34 | 0.008 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 17.43 | 0.000 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.503 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
Intervention Class 4 (n = 12) | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 91.99 | 14.55 | 96.92 | 15.86 | 2.54 | 0.113 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.807 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.19 | 0.141 | 0.02 | 0.16 | ||||
CME | 87.19 | 11.57 | 89.92 | 18.35 | 11.55 | 0.001 | 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.14 | 0.714 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.493 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
AE | 79.36 | 4.58 | 92.05 | 9.89 | 9.61 | 0.002 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 1.29 | 0.258 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 10.66 | 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.31 | ||||
AP | 111.77 | 14.94 | 85.12 | 11.52 | 0.98 | 0.323 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 108.35 | 0.000 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 6.03 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.21 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.751 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.545 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 4.52 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 0.19 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.41 | 0.17 | −0.06 | 0.20 | 13.97 | 0.000 | 0.09 | 0.47 | 76.85 | 0.000 | 0.36 | 0.80 | 29.53 | 0.000 | 0.18 | 0.47 | ||||
Intervention Class 5 (n = 12) | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 135) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 92.63 | 16.37 | 99.54 | 11.15 | 1.33 | 0.250 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.549 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 3.45 | 0.065 | 0.03 | 0.19 | ||||
CME | 90.19 | 16.60 | 101.91 | 17.36 | 2.39 | 0.125 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 4.34 | 0.039 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 5.76 | 0.018 | 0.04 | 0.22 | ||||
AE | 90.02 | 8.82 | 99.62 | 19.84 | 0.71 | 0.402 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.553 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 7.28 | 0.008 | 0.05 | 0.26 | ||||
AP | 108.84 | 17.56 | 87.37 | 13.53 | 0.72 | 0.398 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 88.30 | 0.000 | 0.40 | 0.87 | 1.52 | 0.219 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.578 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 2.24 | 0.137 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.934 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.22 | 0.24 | −0.08 | 0.27 | 2.14 | 0.145 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 40.21 | 0.000 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 8.92 | 0.003 | 0.06 | 0.26 | ||||
Intervention Class 6 (n = 20) | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 100.10 | 16.82 | 97.67 | 18.06 | 0.23 | 0.630 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 1.80 | 0.182 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.803 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CME | 104.29 | 16.87 | 98.15 | 21.31 | 0.12 | 0.734 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 2.97 | 0.087 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.73 | 0.190 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
AE | 95.84 | 15.01 | 95.61 | 12.28 | 0.63 | 0.427 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 1.97 | 0.163 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 1.70 | 0.195 | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||||
AP | 107.36 | 13.34 | 84.96 | 13.15 | 0.09 | 0.762 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 140.84 | 0.000 | 0.50 | 1.10 | 3.26 | 0.073 | 0.02 | 0.14 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.907 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.920 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.42 | 0.037 | 0.03 | 0.17 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.15 | 0.25 | −0.10 | 0.18 | 0.70 | 0.405 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 44.82 | 0.000 | 0.24 | 0.62 | 6.75 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.23 | ||||
Intervention Class 7 (n = 16) | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 139) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 98.24 | 11.66 | 104.32 | 12.43 | 0.08 | 0.782 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.597 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 4.00 | 0.048 | 0.03 | 0.20 | ||||
CME | 96.08 | 13.26 | 108.12 | 13.21 | 0.01 | 0.939 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.03 | 0.009 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 9.25 | 0.003 | 0.06 | 0.26 | ||||
AE | 100.89 | 13.90 | 96.03 | 11.16 | 0.00 | 0.978 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.66 | 0.033 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.802 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
AP | 96.52 | 11.75 | 82.08 | 13.57 | 5.14 | 0.025 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 75.39 | 0.000 | 0.35 | 0.80 | 0.33 | 0.568 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | −0.02 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.800 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.98 | 0.000 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 2.97 | 0.087 | 0.02 | 0.14 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | −0.02 | 0.23 | −0.13 | 0.19 | 2.49 | 0.117 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 14.62 | 0.000 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.964 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
Intervention Class 8 (n = 20) | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 143) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 94.45 | 13.09 | 94.82 | 13.35 | 3.75 | 0.055 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.466 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.370 | 0.01 | 0.09 | ||||
CME | 94.89 | 18.54 | 93.21 | 17.53 | 5.94 | 0.016 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.516 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.825 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
AE | 94.65 | 13.11 | 94.74 | 14.30 | 1.25 | 0.266 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 1.70 | 0.195 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 1.81 | 0.181 | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||||
AP | 101.16 | 13.50 | 84.54 | 9.88 | 1.12 | 0.292 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 106.50 | 0.000 | 0.43 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.964 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 1.24 | 0.267 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.485 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 1.97 | 0.162 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.08 | 0.18 | −0.09 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.880 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.74 | 0.000 | 0.17 | 0.50 | 1.33 | 0.251 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
Intervention Class 9 (n = 18) | F (1, 141) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 141) | p | ηp2 | d | F (1, 141) | p | ηp2 | d | ||||||||
CE | 94.47 | 15.29 | 93.29 | 12.32 | 4.37 | 0.038 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 1.04 | 0.309 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.610 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
CME | 98.17 | 15.38 | 99.99 | 15.96 | 0.90 | 0.345 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.806 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.514 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
AE | 91.57 | 16.33 | 91.36 | 15.47 | 3.86 | 0.052 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 1.69 | 0.195 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 1.48 | 0.226 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
AP | 104.39 | 12.94 | 84.47 | 11.70 | 0.15 | 0.702 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 121.00 | 0.000 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 0.300 | 0.01 | 0.09 | ||||
CMeta_Rel | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.554 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 1.98 | 0.162 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.572 | 0.00 | 0.06 | ||||
AVMeta_Rel | 0.17 | 0.25 | −0.06 | 0.14 | 2.44 | 0.120 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 37.24 | 0.000 | 0.21 | 0.59 | 5.00 | 0.027 | 0.03 | 0.21 |
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D’Amico, A.; Geraci, A. MetaEmotions at School: A Program for Promoting Emotional and MetaEmotional Intelligence at School; a Research-Intervention Study. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090589
D’Amico A, Geraci A. MetaEmotions at School: A Program for Promoting Emotional and MetaEmotional Intelligence at School; a Research-Intervention Study. Education Sciences. 2022; 12(9):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090589
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Amico, Antonella, and Alessandro Geraci. 2022. "MetaEmotions at School: A Program for Promoting Emotional and MetaEmotional Intelligence at School; a Research-Intervention Study" Education Sciences 12, no. 9: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090589
APA StyleD’Amico, A., & Geraci, A. (2022). MetaEmotions at School: A Program for Promoting Emotional and MetaEmotional Intelligence at School; a Research-Intervention Study. Education Sciences, 12(9), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090589