Resident Evaluation of Reconstruction Challenges and Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake: Recommendations for Reconstruction and Industrial Policies 12 Years after the Disaster

The year 2023 marks the 12th anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Immediately after the disaster, the number of evacuees reached approximately 470,000, but by November 2022, the number had decreased to approximately 31,000. The reconstruction of housing, disposal of debris, public infrastructure development, and overall restoration and reconstruction has progressed steadily. However, a re-examination of the status of industrial restoration and reconstruction reveals that restoration and reconstruction have not progressed in some areas. This research statistically analyzes how the Japanese public perceives the issues around the recovery process and what memories and records they would like to learn from regarding the GEJE. The purpose of this study is to ask about reconstruction issues and lessons learned from the GEJE by conducting a web-based survey with 2000 respondents in Japan. The method of estimation is the use of ordinal logistic regression analysis to statistically estimate whether there are differences in recovery issues and lessons learned depending on individual attributes. The results suggest that those who are interested in, remember, and express anxiety about the recovery issues and lessons learned tend to be men, do not have children, are highly educated, and have a higher income. In sum, many of Japan’s citizens are highly interested in the reconstruction of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, housing, urban development, living environment, industry, and livelihood in the affected areas. In the future, they will play a central role in modernizing, scaling up, and integrating the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industries, as well as in rebuilding towns and livelihoods. In the affected areas, it will be necessary to draw on the lessons learned from the GEJE and create reconstruction plans for the future, and then, policymakers will need to formulate reconstruction policies that reflect the concerns of the Japanese people.