Insights from Regulatory Data on Development Needs of Community Pharmacy Professionals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Jurisprudence (JP) Exam Data for Applicants (Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians)
2.2. Practice Assessment Data for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians
2.3. Operational Assessment Data for Community Pharmacies
2.4. Conduct Data for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians
3. Results
3.1. Jurisprudence Exam
3.2. Practice Assessments
3.3. Operational Assessments
3.4. Conduct
4. Discussion
- Requirement 10—Comprehensiveness of Clinical Records and Requirement [26] calls for all PPMS to provide users with the ability to create, access and update records of assessment, care plans, interventions and follow up by pharmacy professionals and all information indicated in provincial pharmacy standards of practice; and
- Requirement 17—Prescription Indications [26] necessitates all PPMS to provide users with the ability to input an indication or treatment objective for each prescription.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Member Type | Exam Section | Median Score (%) | Mean Score (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Pharmacist applicant | A: Conditions for Sale B: Narcotics/Controlled Drugs C: Filling and Labeling D: Billing and Pricing E: Pharmacy Operations F: College Structures/Entry to Practice/Scope of Practice G: Ethics/Standards/Responsibilities | 100.0 85.0 82.6 80.0 80.0 83.3 86.4 | 93.4 (92.9, 93.9) 83.1 (82.6, 83.6) 81.5 (81.0, 82.0) 81.9 (81.1, 82.7) 79.5 (78.8, 80.2) 81.4 (80.8, 82.0) 83.3 (82.8, 83.9) |
Pharmacy technician applicant | A: Conditions for Sale B: Narcotics/Controlled Drugs C: Filling and Labeling D: Billing and Pricing E: Pharmacy Operations F: College Structures/Entry to Practice/Scope of Practice G: Ethics/Standards/Responsibilities | 90.0 76.2 78.3 80.0 73.3 73.7 72.7 | 83.2 (82.1, 84.3) 76.2 (75.5, 77.0) 75.9 (75.2, 76.6) 77.4 (76.3, 78.5) 71.6 (70.7, 72.5) 71.4 (70.6, 72.3) 72.4 (71.6, 73.2) |
Domain | Indicator/Recommendation | Assessments (%) |
---|---|---|
Patient Assessment | PA1—gather info from patient 1 | 56.8 |
Decision Making | DM3—monitor patient progress 1 | 47.5 |
Provide monitoring and follow up 2 | 36.5 | |
Documentation | Doc1—info in patient record 1 | 80.5 |
Doc2—decisions and rationale 1 | 68.4 | |
Doc3—communication with patient/healthcare team 1 | 52.2 | |
Patient info in record (e.g., allergies, medical conditions) 2 | 19.7 | |
Info needed for continuity of care 2 | 19.1 | |
Communication/Education | Use effective questioning style 2 | 28.4 |
Use an interactive approach 2 | 22.2 |
Domain | Indicator/Recommendation | Assessments (%) |
---|---|---|
Patient Care | PC1—gather info from appropriate sources 1 | 11.0 |
PC2—prepare product according to approved processes 1 | 4.8 | |
Collaboration and Decision Making | CDM3—refer to pharmacist when needed 1 | 2.7 |
Use appropriate resources to gather info required for task 2 | 35.0 | |
Use prof. judgement to determine if pharmacist intervention is required 2 | 25.0 | |
Documentation | Doc1—document info gathered or verified 1 | 11.7 |
Doc2—document supporting info for activities and decisions 1 | 17.5 | |
Document patient health info for continuity of care 2 | 22.5 | |
Communication/Education | Use effective questioning style 2 | 45.9 |
Use an interactive approach 2 | 24.3 |
Standard and Subcomponent | Unmet (%) |
---|---|
Compounding | 68.0 |
Full compounding record must be present | 40.9 |
Controlled substances security | 71.4 |
Records/confidentiality | 71.3 |
Document patient record | 68.2 |
Document information from medication review | 45.0 |
Staffing/workflow SOPs | 65.5 |
Gather and document comprehensive patient info | 49.5 |
Gather and document changes to patient info | 49.1 |
Storage, handling drugs | 53.1 |
Category | Description | Cases (%) |
---|---|---|
PDR classification | Ethical, Legal and Professional Responsibilities | 66.3 |
Quality and Safety | 51.6 | |
Product Distribution | 49.5 | |
Patient Care | 40.7 | |
Practice Setting | 36.7 | |
PDR key competency | Contribute to a culture of patient safety | 38.1 |
Dispense a product safely and accurately | 36.8 | |
Apply principles of professionalism | 35.2 | |
Uphold ethical principles | 30.4 | |
Practice within legal requirements | 30.3 | |
PDR enabling competency | Apply legal requirements to practice | 23.2 |
Accept responsibility and accountability for own actions and decisions | 18.6 | |
Maintain complete, accurate and secure patient records | 17.9 | |
Identify illegal or unethical actions or situations | 16.7 | |
Accountability/fidelity | 14.3 |
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Morris, K.; Arzoomanian, A. Insights from Regulatory Data on Development Needs of Community Pharmacy Professionals. Pharmacy 2020, 8, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030111
Morris K, Arzoomanian A. Insights from Regulatory Data on Development Needs of Community Pharmacy Professionals. Pharmacy. 2020; 8(3):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030111
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorris, Katherine, and Anita Arzoomanian. 2020. "Insights from Regulatory Data on Development Needs of Community Pharmacy Professionals" Pharmacy 8, no. 3: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030111
APA StyleMorris, K., & Arzoomanian, A. (2020). Insights from Regulatory Data on Development Needs of Community Pharmacy Professionals. Pharmacy, 8(3), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030111