Developmental Aspects of Greek Vowel Reduction in Different Prosodic Positions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Phonetic Vowel Reduction
1.2. Phonetic Vowel Reduction in Greek
1.3. Vowel Production and Vowel Reduction in Children
- To investigate the development of vowel production and vowel reduction across a wide range of ages (from 3 years old to adults) of both genders under various stress conditions (stressed, pre-stressed, and post-stressed vowels) due to their differing prosodic strengths;
- To examine the relationship between temporal and spatial stress-induced vowel reduction across ages.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Speech Material
2.3. Recordings
2.4. Measurements
2.4.1. Acoustic Analysis
- By controlling for differences in anatomy and speech rate in the normalized values, we can directly infer in which stress condition children face the greatest difficulties in reduction;
- Without controlling for differences in anatomy and speech rate that normalized values allow, the correlation between temporal and spatial vowel reduction is problematic because each speaker has a different speech rate and different sizes in the acoustic space, making it impossible to see in the overall data of each age group how a change in duration due to the stress conditions results in a change in spectral characteristics;
- Examining only the normalized values for the phenomenon of vowel reduction is sufficient because, as shown in Christodoulidou et al. (2023), the degree of vowel reduction between the stress conditions and the observed age-related differences in this degree do not depart extensively from non-normalized measurements.
2.4.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Normalized/Relative Vowel Duration
3.2. Normalized Vowel Space Areas
3.3. Euclidean Distances
3.4. Relationship between Temporal and Spatial Vowel Reduction
3.4.1. Correlations between Relative Vowel Duration and Normalized Vowel Space Areas
3.4.2. Correlations between Relative Vowel Duration and Euclidean Distances
4. Discussion
4.1. Vowel Development
4.2. Development of Vowel Reduction
4.3. Gender-Related Differences
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Test Words | HelexKids | ||
---|---|---|---|
CV Containing the Examined Vowel | |||
Unstressed | Stressed | Total | |
[ˈɣɐlɐtɐ] | 21,615 | 13,883 | 35,498 |
[sɐˈlɐtɐ] | 21,615 | 13,883 | 35,498 |
[ɣɐlɐˈtɐ] | 21,615 | 13,883 | 35,498 |
[ˈpolɛmo] | 16,506 | 11,613 | 28,119 |
[poˈlɛmɐ] | 16,506 | 11,613 | 28,119 |
[polɛˈmo] | 16,506 | 11,613 | 28,119 |
[ˈkodinɐ] | 6752 | 3280 | 10,032 |
[koˈdino] | 6752 | 3280 | 10,032 |
[kodiˈnɐ] | 6752 | 3280 | 10,032 |
[ˈbɐlonɐ] | 20,217 | 8853 | 29,070 |
[bɐˈlono] | 20,217 | 8853 | 29,070 |
[bɐloˈnɐ] | 20,217 | 8853 | 29,070 |
[ˈmɐɣulɐ] | 2353 | 2277 | 4630 |
[mɐˈɣulɐ] | 2353 | 2277 | 4630 |
[mɐɣuˈlɐ] | 2353 | 2277 | 4630 |
MINIMUM | 2353 | 2277 | 4630 |
MAXIMUM | 21,615 | 13,883 | 35,498 |
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Vowel | Pre-Stressed | Post-Stressed | Stressed |
---|---|---|---|
[i] | [kodiˈnɐ] ‘nearby’ | [ˈkodinɐ] ‘I got shorter’ | [koˈdino] ‘to shorten’ |
[ε] | [polɛˈmo] ‘I battle’ | [ˈpolɛmo] ‘war’ | [poˈlɛmɐ] ‘(you) battle’ |
[ɐ] | [ɣɐlɐˈtɐ] ‘milkman’ | [ˈɣɐlɐtɐ] ‘cartons of milk’ | [sɐˈlɐtɐ] ‘salad’ |
[o] | [bɐloˈnɐ] ‘balloon seller’ | [ˈbɐlonɐ] ‘I mended’ | [bɐˈlono] ‘I mend’ |
[u] | [mɐɣuˈlɐ] ‘with huge cheeks’ | [ˈmɐɣulɐ] ‘cheeks’ | [mɐˈɣulɐ] ‘huge cheek’ |
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Christodoulidou, P.; Nicolaidis, K.; Stamovlasis, D. Developmental Aspects of Greek Vowel Reduction in Different Prosodic Positions. Languages 2024, 9, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9100322
Christodoulidou P, Nicolaidis K, Stamovlasis D. Developmental Aspects of Greek Vowel Reduction in Different Prosodic Positions. Languages. 2024; 9(10):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9100322
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristodoulidou, Polychronia, Katerina Nicolaidis, and Dimitrios Stamovlasis. 2024. "Developmental Aspects of Greek Vowel Reduction in Different Prosodic Positions" Languages 9, no. 10: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9100322
APA StyleChristodoulidou, P., Nicolaidis, K., & Stamovlasis, D. (2024). Developmental Aspects of Greek Vowel Reduction in Different Prosodic Positions. Languages, 9(10), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9100322