Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate

Elizabeth, Annie Rose; Sarma, Sumit; Jayachandran, T.; Ramakrishna, P. A.; Borthakur, Mondeep

doi:10.3390/aerospace11040251

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate

by

Annie Rose Elizabeth

^1,*

,

Sumit Sarma

¹,

T. Jayachandran

¹

,

P. A. Ramakrishna

¹ and

Mondeep Borthakur

²

¹

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India

²

Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad 500053, India

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Aerospace 2024, 11(4), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040251

Submission received: 1 February 2024 / Revised: 10 March 2024 / Accepted: 18 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Combustion Engineering (2nd Edition))

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Abstract

Multiple applications in aerospace utilize pyrotechnic charges for their operation, and these charges are predominantly in the form of granules. One of the most used charges is boron potassium nitrate (BPN), and the present study focuses on mathematically modeling granular combustion, its experimental recreation, and carrying out a comparative study on three upwind schemes for its numerical simulation. A customized version of the seven-equation compressible multifluid formulation is presented in this paper to model granular combustion mathematically. Three upwind schemes, namely HLLC, AUSM⁺-up, and HLLC-AUSM, are used for the numerical comparison. Utilizing these, an axisymmetric code is developed for the comparative study. To experimentally replicate granular combustion, granular BPN is fired in a closed bomb test facility, and the experimental pressure history is used for the numerical comparisons. The developed code can adequately predict the physics of granular combustion, and all three schemes are equally capable of numerical prediction.

Keywords: granular combustion; boron potassium nitrate; seven-equation model; closed bomb test; compressible multifluid formulation; HLLC; AUSM⁺-up; HLLC-AUSM

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MDPI and ACS Style

Elizabeth, A.R.; Sarma, S.; Jayachandran, T.; Ramakrishna, P.A.; Borthakur, M. Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate. Aerospace 2024, 11, 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040251

AMA Style

Elizabeth AR, Sarma S, Jayachandran T, Ramakrishna PA, Borthakur M. Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate. Aerospace. 2024; 11(4):251. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040251

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth, Annie Rose, Sumit Sarma, T. Jayachandran, P. A. Ramakrishna, and Mondeep Borthakur. 2024. "Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate" Aerospace 11, no. 4: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040251

APA Style

Elizabeth, A. R., Sarma, S., Jayachandran, T., Ramakrishna, P. A., & Borthakur, M. (2024). Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate. Aerospace, 11(4), 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040251

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Comparative Study of Numerical Schemes for Granular Combustion of Boron Potassium Nitrate

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