Dynamic Modeling of the Trophic Status of an Urban Tropical Wetland under ENSO Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Dynamic Modeling
2.3. Dynamic Model Systematization
2.4. Dynamic Model Assumptions
2.5. ENSO Scenarios
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dynamic Model Developed
3.2. Simulated Input TP Load
3.3. TSI Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables/Indexes | Values/Units | Source |
---|---|---|
Wetland area | 302,700 m2 | [40] |
Basin area | 5,037,400 m2 | [40,41] |
TP load in sediment | mg m−2 month−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Input TP concentration—Cin | 2001 (El Niño): 2.75 mg m−3 2011 (La Niña): 1.46 mg m−3 | [42] |
Internal TP concentration | mg m−3 | Dynamic modeling |
TP concentration | mg m−3 | Dynamic modeling |
OECD phytoplankton | - | Dynamic modeling |
Vollenweider phytoplankton | - | Dynamic modeling |
Basin inlet flow—CAT | m3 month−1 | [43] |
TP flow to passive sediment | mg m−2 month−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Wetland TP concentration | mg m−3 | Dynamic modeling |
TSI/Vollenweider | mg m−3 | Dynamic modeling |
TSI/OCDE | mg m−3 | Dynamic modeling |
TSI/Aizaki/Carlson | - | Dynamic modeling |
Precipitation | mm month−1 | [43] |
Average annual precipitation | 878 mm year−1 | [44] |
Average monthly effective precipitation—AEP | mm month−1 | [43] |
Wetland depth | 1.37 m | [45] |
TP in sediment | mg m−2 month−1 | Dynamic modeling |
R-sedimentation | mg m−2 month−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Bottom temperature re-suspension rate | - | Dynamic modeling |
Super bottom temperature re-suspension rate | - | Dynamic modeling |
Sedimentation rate | 0.25 mg m−2 month−1 | [23] |
Bottom temperature | 15 °C | [23] |
Surface temperature | 16 °C | [23] |
Hydraulic retention time–HRT | Days year−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Theoretical retention time of a chemical or suspended particle—TRC | Days year−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Volume—V | m3 month−1 | Dynamic modeling |
Month | P (mm) | HRT (days/year) | Average Monthly TP (mg/m3) | Aizaki’s TSI (mg/m3) | Cat. | TSI-OECD (mg/m3) | Cat. | Vollenweider’s TSI (mg/m3) | Cat. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. | 20.4 | 65 | 2.14 | 31.9 | Meso | 12.3 | Meso | 49.1 | Eu |
Feb. | 53.9 | 25 | 4.58 | 56.5 | Meso | 39.2 | Eu | 149.4 | Hyp |
Mar. | 30.7 | 62 | 4.36 | 42.4 | Meso | 29.6 | Meso | 116.7 | Hyp |
Apr. | 45.1 | 34 | 1.34 | 44.9 | Meso | 10.7 | Meso | 41.2 | Eu |
May. | 58.2 | 31 | 2.01 | 53.5 | Meso | 17.8 | Meso | 67.3 | Eu |
Jun. | 44.1 | 46 | 2.38 | 47.5 | Meso | 18.8 | Meso | 72.6 | Eu |
Jul. | 26.4 | 65 | 1.99 | 36.0 | Meso | 12.7 | Meso | 50.4 | Eu |
Aug. | 57.0 | 26 | 3.51 | 56.5 | Meso | 30.7 | Meso | 116.8 | Hyp |
Sep. | 75.9 | 27 | 2.76 | 63.4 | Eu | 27.2 | Meso | 100.8 | Hyp |
Oct. | 47.0 | 50 | 2.61 | 49.6 | Meso | 21.1 | Meso | 81.5 | Hyp |
Nov. | 80.6 | 23 | 1.69 | 61.7 | Eu | 17.0 | Meso | 62.8 | Eu |
Dec. | 34.0 | 69 | 3.59 | 43.7 | Meso | 25.4 | Meso | 99.8 | Hyp |
Avg. | 47.8 | 44 | 2.7 | 49.0 | Meso | 21.9 | Meso | 84.0 | Hyp |
Month | P (mm) | HRT (days/year) | Average Monthly TP (mg/m3) | Aizaki’s TSI (mg/m3) | Cat. | TSI-OECD (mg/m3) | Cat. | Vollenweider’s TSI (mg/m3) | Cat. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. | 118.5 | 24 | 0.80 | 68.1 | Eu | 9.50 | Oligo | 33.5 | Eu |
Feb. | 161.5 | 21 | 1.65 | 87.1 | Eu | 22.1 | Meso | 75.1 | Eu |
Mar. | 185.4 | 23 | 1.13 | 89.1 | Eu | 16.1 | Meso | 53.5 | Eu |
Apr. | 184.0 | 26 | 1.21 | 89.5 | Eu | 17.1 | Meso | 56.9 | Eu |
May. | 175.0 | 27 | 1.44 | 89.2 | Eu | 20.0 | Meso | 66.9 | Eu |
Jun. | 59.8 | 68 | 1.73 | 53.3 | Meso | 15.5 | Meso | 58.5 | Eu |
Jul. | 33.9 | 60 | 2.37 | 41.7 | Meso | 16.8 | Meso | 65.8 | Eu |
Aug. | 40.8 | 39 | 2.17 | 45.2 | Meso | 16.5 | Meso | 64.2 | Eu |
Sep. | 134.3 | 13 | 2.54 | 83.6 | Eu | 31.6 | Meso | 109.9 | Hyp |
Oct. | 193.9 | 19 | 0.75 | 86.4 | Eu | 10.9 | Meso | 35.9 | Eu |
Nov. | 473.5 | 11 | 1.26 | 144.3 | Hyp | 26.3 | Meso | 74.3 | Eu |
Dec. | 143.5 | 66 | 0.52 | 70.7 | Eu | 6.70 | Oligo | 23.0 | Meso |
Avg. | 158.7 | 33 | 1.46 | 79.0 | Eu | 17.4 | Meso | 59.8 | Eu |
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García-León, L.G.; Beltrán-Vargas, J.E.; Zafra-Mejía, C.A. Dynamic Modeling of the Trophic Status of an Urban Tropical Wetland under ENSO Conditions. Climate 2023, 11, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11030061
García-León LG, Beltrán-Vargas JE, Zafra-Mejía CA. Dynamic Modeling of the Trophic Status of an Urban Tropical Wetland under ENSO Conditions. Climate. 2023; 11(3):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11030061
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-León, Leidy Gisselle, Julio Eduardo Beltrán-Vargas, and Carlos Alfonso Zafra-Mejía. 2023. "Dynamic Modeling of the Trophic Status of an Urban Tropical Wetland under ENSO Conditions" Climate 11, no. 3: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11030061