Impact of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Growth and Biochemical Indexes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings Grown under Salt Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design of Plant Material and Growing Conditions
2.1.1. Proton Beam Irradiation
2.1.2. Growth Conditions and Salinity Treatment
2.2. Photosynthetic Pigments Analysis
2.3. Oxidative Stress Indexes
2.4. Antioxidant Defense System
2.4.1. Non-Enzymatic Constituents
Total Polyphenols Content
Flavonoids Content
2.4.2. Antioxidant Enzymes
Preparation of Enzyme Extracts
SOD Activity
POD Activity
CAT Activity
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Tolerance of Proton Beam Irradiated Barley Seedlings to Salinity Stress
3.2. Effect of Salinity and Proton Irradiation on Photosynthetic Pigments Content of Barley Seedlings
3.3. Effects of Proton Irradiation on ROS Scavenging Systems of Barley Seedling in Response to Salt Stress
3.4. Effect of Salinity and Proton Irradiation on MDA Content of Barley Seedling
3.5. Effect of Salinity and Proton Irradiation on Soluble Protein Content of Barley Seedling
3.6. Effect of Salinity and Proton Irradiation on Content of Total Polyphenol and Flavonoids in Barley Seedlings
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Means Values (cm) | P< | % | −/+ Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 14.50 ± 0.90 | |||
3 Gy | 14.30 ± 0.78 | NS | 98.62 | −1.38 |
5 Gy | 13.76 ± 0.78 | NS | 94.90 | −5.10 |
100 mM NaCl | 15.36 ± 0.99 | NS | 105.93 | 5.93 |
200 mM NaCl | 6.00 ± 0.35 | p < 0.001 | 41.38 | −58.62 |
3 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 14.78 ± 0.49 | NS | 101.93 | 1.93 |
3 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 3.93 ± 0.27 | p < 0.001 | 27.10 | −72.90 |
5 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 13.89 ± 0.59 | NS | 95.79 | −4.21 |
5 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 3.78 ± 0.33 | p < 0.001 | 26.07 | −73.93 |
Sample | Chlorophyll a (mg g−1 FW) | Chlorophyll b (mg g−1 FW) | Carotenoids (mg g−1 FW) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 0.622 ± 0.026 a | 0.160 ± 0.008 a | 0.143 ± 0.005 a |
3 Gy | 0.482 ± 0.064 | 0.129 ± 0.018 | 0.095 ± 0.017 |
5 Gy | 0.649 ± 0.132 | 0.165 ± 0.029 | 0.130 ± 0.043 |
100 mM NaCl | 0.433 ± 0.079 | 0.126 ± 0.015 | 0.111 ± 0.019 |
200 mM NaCl | 0.345 ± 0.039 b | 0.101 ± 0.008 b | 0.074 ± 0.009 b |
3 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 0.267 ± 0.013 b | 0.072 ± 0.015 b | 0.061 ± 0.013 |
3 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 0.371 ± 0.002 b | 0.103 ± 0.012 | 0.074 ± 0.006 b |
5 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 0.434 ± 0.092 | 0.239 ± 0.028 | 0.117 ± 0.014 |
5 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 0.570 ± 0.045 | 0.173 ± 0.008 | 0.108 ± 0.009 |
Samples | SOD Activity | −/+ Rate (%) | CAT Activity | −/+ Rate (%) | POD Activity | −/+ Rate (%) | MDA Content | −/+ Rate (%) | Flavonoid Content | −/+ Rate (%) | Polyphenol Content | −/+ Rate (%) | Soluble Protein Content | −/+ Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 1.10 | 0.00 | 2.30 a | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 12.11 | 0.00 | 12.09 a | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 29.34 | 0.00 |
3 Gy | 1.17 | 6.36 | 2.56 | 11.30 | 0.43 | 7.50 | 10.60 | −12.47 | 20.11 | 66.34 | 13.52 | −18.90 | 27.41 | −6.58 |
5 Gy | 1.13 | 2.73 | 5.35 | 132.61 | 0.41 | 2.50 | 10.85 | −10.40 | 13.32 | 10.17 | 6.82 | −59.09 | 30.22 a | 3.00 |
100 mM NaCl | 1.00 | −9.09 | 4.90 b | 113.04 | 0.32 | −20.00 | 12.93 | 6.77 | 8.65 ab | −28.45 | 24.04 | 44.21 | 31.56 | 7.57 |
200 mM NaCl | 1.02 | −7.27 | 4.85 b | 110.87 | 0.39 | −2.50 | 11.89 | −1.82 | 11.00 b | −9.02 | 23.87 | 43.19 | 32.57 | 11.01 |
3 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 1.03 | −6.36 | 4.69 b | 103.91 | 0.41 | 2.50 | 12.74 | 5.20 | 7.50 | −37.97 | 13.98 | −16.14 | 30.89 | 5.28 |
3 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 1.02 | −7.27 | 3.22 | 40.00 | 0.38 | −5.00 | 10.92 | −9.83 | 9.39 b | −22.33 | 21.87 | 31.19 | 33.30 | 13.50 |
5 Gy + 100 mM NaCl | 1.02 | −7.27 | 3.23 | 40.43 | 0.39 | −2.50 | 10.04 | −17.09 | 7.99 | −33.91 | 20.45 | 22.68 | 30.28 a b | 3.20 |
5 Gy + 200 mM NaCl | 1.07 | −2.73 | 3.18 b | 38.26 | 0.37 | −7.50 | 10.08 | −16.76 | 10.00 | −17.29 | 16.75 | 0.48 | 40.06 b | 36.53 |
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Oprica, L.; Grigore, M.-N.; Caraciuc, I.; Gherghel, D.; Mihai, C.-T.; Vochita, G. Impact of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Growth and Biochemical Indexes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings Grown under Salt Stress. Plants 2020, 9, 1234. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091234
Oprica L, Grigore M-N, Caraciuc I, Gherghel D, Mihai C-T, Vochita G. Impact of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Growth and Biochemical Indexes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings Grown under Salt Stress. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1234. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091234
Chicago/Turabian StyleOprica, Lacramioara, Marius-Nicusor Grigore, Iulia Caraciuc, Daniela Gherghel, Cosmin-Teodor Mihai, and Gabriela Vochita. 2020. "Impact of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Growth and Biochemical Indexes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings Grown under Salt Stress" Plants 9, no. 9: 1234. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091234