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Volume 9
Issue 4
10.3390/plants9040463
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Article

The Use of Urea and Kelp Waste Extract is A Promising Strategy for Maximizing the Biomass Productivity and Lipid Content in Chlorella sorokiniana

by
Ali Nawaz Kumbhar
1,
Meilin He
1,
Abdul Razzaque Rajper
1,
Khalil Ahmed Memon
1,
Muhammad Rizwan
2,
Mostafa Nagi
1,
Abeselom Ghirmai Woldemicael
1,
Dan Li
1,
Chun Wang
1 and
Changhai Wang
1,*
1
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2
US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology; Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2020, 9(4), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040463
Submission received: 23 January 2020 / Revised: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 March 2020 / Published: 7 April 2020
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Abstract

The decline in fossil fuel reserves has forced researchers to seek out alternatives to fossil fuels. Microalgae are considered to be a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuel production. Previous studies have shown that urea is an important nitrogen source for cell growth and the lipid production of microalgae. The present study investigated the effect of different concentrations of urea combined with kelp waste extract on the biomass and lipid content of Chlorella sorokiniana. The results revealed that the highest cell density, 20.36 × 107 cells−1, and maximal dry biomass, 1.70 g/L, were achieved in the presence of 0.5 g/L of urea combined with 8% kelp waste extract. Similarly, the maximum chlorophyll a, b and beta carotenoid were 10.36 mg/L, 7.05, and 3.01 mg/L, respectively. The highest quantity of carbohydrate content, 290.51 µg/mL, was achieved in the presence of 0.2 g/L of urea and 8% kelp waste extract. The highest fluorescence intensity, 40.05 × 107 cells−1, and maximum total lipid content (30%) were achieved in the presence of 0.1 g/L of urea and 8% kelp waste extract. The current study suggests that the combination of urea and kelp waste extract is the best strategy to enhance the biomass and lipid content in Chlorella sorokiniana.
Keywords: urea; kelp waste extracts; biomass; lipid; biofuel; Chlorella sorokiniana urea; kelp waste extracts; biomass; lipid; biofuel; Chlorella sorokiniana
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumbhar, A.N.; He, M.; Rajper, A.R.; Memon, K.A.; Rizwan, M.; Nagi, M.; Woldemicael, A.G.; Li, D.; Wang, C.; Wang, C. The Use of Urea and Kelp Waste Extract is A Promising Strategy for Maximizing the Biomass Productivity and Lipid Content in Chlorella sorokiniana. Plants 2020, 9, 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040463

AMA Style

Kumbhar AN, He M, Rajper AR, Memon KA, Rizwan M, Nagi M, Woldemicael AG, Li D, Wang C, Wang C. The Use of Urea and Kelp Waste Extract is A Promising Strategy for Maximizing the Biomass Productivity and Lipid Content in Chlorella sorokiniana. Plants. 2020; 9(4):463. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040463

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumbhar, Ali Nawaz, Meilin He, Abdul Razzaque Rajper, Khalil Ahmed Memon, Muhammad Rizwan, Mostafa Nagi, Abeselom Ghirmai Woldemicael, Dan Li, Chun Wang, and Changhai Wang. 2020. "The Use of Urea and Kelp Waste Extract is A Promising Strategy for Maximizing the Biomass Productivity and Lipid Content in Chlorella sorokiniana" Plants 9, no. 4: 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040463

APA Style

Kumbhar, A. N., He, M., Rajper, A. R., Memon, K. A., Rizwan, M., Nagi, M., Woldemicael, A. G., Li, D., Wang, C., & Wang, C. (2020). The Use of Urea and Kelp Waste Extract is A Promising Strategy for Maximizing the Biomass Productivity and Lipid Content in Chlorella sorokiniana. Plants, 9(4), 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040463

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