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Article

Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality

by
Dilrabo K. Ernazarova
1,2,
Madina D. Kholova
1,3,
Doston Sh. Erjigitov
1,
Feruza U. Rafieva
1,
Abdulqahhor Kh. Toshpulatov
1,
Barno B. Oripova
1,4,
Asiya K. Safiullina
1,
Sevara K. Arslanova
1,
Durdona B. Sokiboeva
1,
Gavkhar F. Mamatkulova
1,
Ezozakhon F. Nematullaeva
1,
John Z. Yu
5,* and
Fakhriddin N. Kushanov
1,2,6,*
1
Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 111208, Uzbekistan
2
Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University Named After Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan
3
Department of Histology and Medical Biology, Chirchik Branch of Tashkent State Medical Academy, Chirchik 111727, Uzbekistan
4
Department of Histology and Medical Biology, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent 100109, Uzbekistan
5
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
6
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National University of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2026, 15(18), 2866; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15182866 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 7 August 2026 / Revised: 12 September 2026 / Accepted: 13 September 2026 / Published: 19 September 2026
(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Plant Breeding)
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Abstract

The restricted genetic diversity of current cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) considerably limits breeding opportunities aimed at enhancing fiber quality and resistance to environmental factors. Wild types of allotetraploid cottons are valuable sources of genetic variation, and their breeding potential has not yet been fully utilized. In this study, the inheritance and variability of important agronomic traits were analyzed in F1 and F2 hybrid generations obtained from intra- and interspecific crosses involving G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, and G. darwinii. The phylogenetic relationships of allotetraploid species were analyzed using molecular-genetic and cytogenetic methods, and their breeding potential was evaluated. Cytogenetic analysis of the F1 hybrids revealed the occurrence of univalents at metaphase I of meiosis, while bivalent numbers reached 25.9 in some hybrid combinations. Based on molecular marker analysis, significant genetic differences and polymorphism were identified between var. gambia and var. m. palmerii. There were reciprocal translocations, shown as multivalents, during ecotypic differentiation in other cross combinations. Positive transgressive segregation for the enhancement of fiber length was identified in F2 populations. Notably, in certain hybrid combinations, fiber length extended to 40.9 mm. Furthermore, molecular analysis identified 113 unique alleles across the genotypes examined. These findings affirm that wild and exotic allotetraploid cotton forms constitute a significant source of genetic diversity for breeding programs.
Keywords: Gossypium; allotetraploid; cytogenetics; phylogenetics; meiosis; transgressive segregation; interspecific hybridization; fiber quality Gossypium; allotetraploid; cytogenetics; phylogenetics; meiosis; transgressive segregation; interspecific hybridization; fiber quality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ernazarova, D.K.; Kholova, M.D.; Erjigitov, D.S.; Rafieva, F.U.; Toshpulatov, A.K.; Oripova, B.B.; Safiullina, A.K.; Arslanova, S.K.; Sokiboeva, D.B.; Mamatkulova, G.F.; et al. Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality. Plants 2026, 15, 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15182866

AMA Style

Ernazarova DK, Kholova MD, Erjigitov DS, Rafieva FU, Toshpulatov AK, Oripova BB, Safiullina AK, Arslanova SK, Sokiboeva DB, Mamatkulova GF, et al. Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality. Plants. 2026; 15(18):2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15182866

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ernazarova, Dilrabo K., Madina D. Kholova, Doston Sh. Erjigitov, Feruza U. Rafieva, Abdulqahhor Kh. Toshpulatov, Barno B. Oripova, Asiya K. Safiullina, Sevara K. Arslanova, Durdona B. Sokiboeva, Gavkhar F. Mamatkulova, and et al. 2026. "Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality" Plants 15, no. 18: 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15182866

APA Style

Ernazarova, D. K., Kholova, M. D., Erjigitov, D. S., Rafieva, F. U., Toshpulatov, A. K., Oripova, B. B., Safiullina, A. K., Arslanova, S. K., Sokiboeva, D. B., Mamatkulova, G. F., Nematullaeva, E. F., Yu, J. Z., & Kushanov, F. N. (2026). Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality. Plants, 15(18), 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15182866

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