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Volume 14
Issue 19
10.3390/plants14193032
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimizing Resource Management with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants to Enhance Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity in Newly Cultivated Land

by
Yuling Dai
1,2,†,
Xiaoxiao Wu
1,2,†,
Shuo Li
1,*,
Yan Li
3,
Lei Wang
1,
Yu Hu
1,2,
Kangmeng Liu
1,2,
Zhenguo Yang
1,2,
Lianfeng Cai
1,2,
Kuifeng Xu
1,2,
Meili Cui
1,2,
Xuening Xu
1,2,
Yuehui Jia
4,
Dan Wei
1,* and
Jianli Ding
1,*
1
Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
2
College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
3
Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Protection and Utilization, Harbin 150086, China
4
College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2025, 14(19), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193032
Submission received: 2 August 2025 / Revised: 14 September 2025 / Accepted: 22 September 2025 / Published: 30 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofertilizers for Plant Growth Enhancement and Sustainable Agriculture)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In response to China’s drive to bring newly cultivated land into production, this study evaluated how combined organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants affect soil quality, bacterial community structure, and maize yield. Four treatments were evaluated: FC (chemical fertilizer only), T50 (50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer), T50M (T50 plus microbial inoculant), and CK (no fertilizer). T50M significantly increased yield compared to FC and CK (p < 0.05), achieving the highest yield of 6995.73 kg ha−1. This was 20.09% greater than FC. Community composition analyses showed that soil in newly cultivated land was dominated by Blastocatellia, Vicinamibacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria, together accounting for over 35.7% of total bacterial abundance. Redundancy analysis at the class level explained 55.7% of variance; soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium positively correlated with Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia, while available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen aligned with Actinobacteria and Bacilli. Path analysis indicated that SOM and total nitrogen were the strongest positive drivers of yield. Actinobacteria and Acidobacteriae also showed direct positive effects, whereas Verrucomicrobiae had a negative effect. These results demonstrate that integrated organic–microbial amendments can enhance soil fertility and alter microbial diversity toward taxa that can improve maize productivity.
Keywords: newly cultivated land; soil quality; soil bacterial community; crop productivity newly cultivated land; soil quality; soil bacterial community; crop productivity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Dai, Y.; Wu, X.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Wang, L.; Hu, Y.; Liu, K.; Yang, Z.; Cai, L.; Xu, K.; et al. Optimizing Resource Management with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants to Enhance Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity in Newly Cultivated Land. Plants 2025, 14, 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193032

AMA Style

Dai Y, Wu X, Li S, Li Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Liu K, Yang Z, Cai L, Xu K, et al. Optimizing Resource Management with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants to Enhance Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity in Newly Cultivated Land. Plants. 2025; 14(19):3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193032

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dai, Yuling, Xiaoxiao Wu, Shuo Li, Yan Li, Lei Wang, Yu Hu, Kangmeng Liu, Zhenguo Yang, Lianfeng Cai, Kuifeng Xu, and et al. 2025. "Optimizing Resource Management with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants to Enhance Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity in Newly Cultivated Land" Plants 14, no. 19: 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193032

APA Style

Dai, Y., Wu, X., Li, S., Li, Y., Wang, L., Hu, Y., Liu, K., Yang, Z., Cai, L., Xu, K., Cui, M., Xu, X., Jia, Y., Wei, D., & Ding, J. (2025). Optimizing Resource Management with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants to Enhance Soil Quality, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity in Newly Cultivated Land. Plants, 14(19), 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14193032

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