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Volume 13
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10.3390/plants13050597
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Article

Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars

by
Qiangyan Zhang
1,
Yanlei Zhang
1,2,
Kexin Zhang
1,
Huiping Liu
1,
Yuping Gou
1,
Chunchun Li
1,*,
Inzamam Ul Haq
3,
Peter Quandahor
4 and
Changzhong Liu
1,*
1
Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2
Dingxi Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Dingxi 743099, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
4
CSIR—Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box 52, Ghana
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2024, 13(5), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050597
Submission received: 6 January 2024 / Revised: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 20 February 2024 / Published: 22 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant–Insect Interactions—2nd edition)
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Abstract

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a common agricultural pest known for its extensive migration and wide host ranges, causes considerable harm to maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we utilized two molecular marker genes, COI and Tpi, to compare the genetic characteristics of the collected original samples. Additionally, through an interactive study between S. frugiperda larvae and six maize varieties aiming to understand the insect’s adaptability and resistance mechanisms, our analysis revealed that both the COI and Tpi genes identified S. frugiperda as the corn strain. Further examination of the larvae showed significant differences in nutritional indices, digestive, and detoxification enzyme activities. Special maize varieties were found to offer higher efficiency in nutrient conversion and assimilation compared with common varieties. This study revealed adaptations in S. frugiperda’s digestive and detoxification processes in response to the different maize varieties. For instance, larvae reared on common maize exhibited elevated amylase and lipase activities. Interestingly, detoxification enzyme activities exhibited different patterns of variation in different maize varieties. The Pearson correlation analysis between nutritional indices, enzyme activities, and the nutritional content and secondary metabolites of maize leaves provided deeper insights into the pest’s adaptability. The results highlighted significant relationships between specific nutritional components in maize and the physiological responses of S. frugiperda. Overall, our findings contribute substantially to the understanding of S. frugiperda’s host plant adaptability, offering critical insights for the development of sustainable pest management strategies.
Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda; genotype; special maize; common maize; nutritional indexes; enzyme activities; host adaptation Spodoptera frugiperda; genotype; special maize; common maize; nutritional indexes; enzyme activities; host adaptation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, K.; Liu, H.; Gou, Y.; Li, C.; Haq, I.U.; Quandahor, P.; Liu, C. Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars. Plants 2024, 13, 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050597

AMA Style

Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu H, Gou Y, Li C, Haq IU, Quandahor P, Liu C. Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars. Plants. 2024; 13(5):597. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050597

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Qiangyan, Yanlei Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Huiping Liu, Yuping Gou, Chunchun Li, Inzamam Ul Haq, Peter Quandahor, and Changzhong Liu. 2024. "Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars" Plants 13, no. 5: 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050597

APA Style

Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, H., Gou, Y., Li, C., Haq, I. U., Quandahor, P., & Liu, C. (2024). Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars. Plants, 13(5), 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050597

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