Chemopreventive Effect of Cooked Chickpea on Colon Carcinogenesis Evolution in AOM/DSS-Induced Balb/c Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Body Weight
2.2. Macro- and Microscopic Evaluation
2.2.1. Disease Activity Index (DAI)
2.2.2. Colon Weight to Length Ratio (Colon Wt/L Ratio)
2.2.3. Number of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF)
2.2.4. Tumor Incidence
2.2.5. Histological Examination
2.3. Quantification of AgNOR, PCNA, β-Catenin, iNOS, and COX-2
2.3.1. Proliferation Markers: AgNOR, PCNA, and β-Catenin
2.3.2. Inflammation Markers: iNOS and COX-2
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Seed
4.3. Animals, Induction of Colon Cancer, and Diets
4.4. Toxicity Signs
4.5. Colon Weight/Length (mg/cm) Ratio
4.6. Number of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF)
4.7. Tumor Incidence
4.8. Histological Examination
4.9. Quantification of AgNOR, PCNA, β-Catenin, iNOS, and COX-2
4.10. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Week 0 | Week 1 | Week 7 | Week 14 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | ||||
NC | 22.68 ± 0.31 | 25.40 ± 0.11 | 26.94 ± 0.25 | 28.9 ± 0.20 * |
PC | 22.51 ± 0.26 | 24.01 ± 0.30 | 26.13 ± 0.13 | 20.47 ± 0.46 ▲ |
AOM/DSS + 10% CC | 22.36 ± 0.46 | 25.46 ± 0.65 | 25.32 ± 0.38 | 25.91 ± 0.20 * |
AOM/DSS + 20% CC | 22.55 ± 0.73 | 25.84 ± 0.61 | 25.70 ± 0.37 | 25.10 ± 0.48 * |
10% CC | 22.45 ± 0.23 | 26.55 ± 0.41 | 28.58 ± 0.18 | 30.10 ± 0.16 * |
20% CC | 22.61 ± 0.25 | 24.63 ± 0.44 | 26.71 ± 0.10 | 27.72 ± 0.25 * |
% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Treatment | Normal | Dysplasia | Adenoma | Adenocarcinoma |
1 | NC | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | PC | 4.2 ± 3.7 a | 39.6 ± 3.2 a | 26.1 ± 8.1 c | 29.8 ± 12.1 c |
3 | AOM + 10% CC | 40.1 ± 4.0 b | 51 ± 5.0 c | 4.3 ± 5.0 b | 4.5 ± 4.7 b |
4 | AOM + 20% CC | 45.3 ± 4.0 c | 47.4 ± 1.3 b | 3.8 ± 2.8 a | 2.6 ± 1.8 a |
5 | 10% CC | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 20% CC | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Cid-Gallegos, M.S.; Jiménez-Martínez, C.; Sánchez-Chino, X.M.; Madrigal-Bujaidar, E.; Vásquez-Garzón, V.R.; Baltiérrez-Hoyos, R.; Álvarez-González, I. Chemopreventive Effect of Cooked Chickpea on Colon Carcinogenesis Evolution in AOM/DSS-Induced Balb/c Mice. Plants 2023, 12, 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122317
Cid-Gallegos MS, Jiménez-Martínez C, Sánchez-Chino XM, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Álvarez-González I. Chemopreventive Effect of Cooked Chickpea on Colon Carcinogenesis Evolution in AOM/DSS-Induced Balb/c Mice. Plants. 2023; 12(12):2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122317
Chicago/Turabian StyleCid-Gallegos, María Stephanie, Cristian Jiménez-Martínez, Xariss M. Sánchez-Chino, Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón, Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos, and Isela Álvarez-González. 2023. "Chemopreventive Effect of Cooked Chickpea on Colon Carcinogenesis Evolution in AOM/DSS-Induced Balb/c Mice" Plants 12, no. 12: 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122317