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Volume 11
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Article

Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of BOR Genes in Important Cereals

by
Himanshu Sharma
1,2,†,
Alok Sharma
1,†,
Ruchika Rajput
3,
Sukhjeet Sidhu
4,
Harpal Dhillon
5,
Praveen Chandra Verma
6,7,
Ashutosh Pandey
3 and
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
1,*
1
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
2
Department of Bio-Technology, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144603, India
3
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
4
Department of Biotechnology, SUSCET, Tangori, Mohali 140306, India
5
Centre for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Department of Nematology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
6
Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
7
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2022, 11(7), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070911
Submission received: 28 February 2022 / Revised: 27 March 2022 / Accepted: 27 March 2022 / Published: 29 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology)
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Abstract

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient of plants. Plants grapple with a narrow range of B between its toxicity and deficiency. B homeostasis mechanism is required to rescue plants from such a quagmire. B transporters are specialized proteins involved in the homeostasis of B. In the present study, a total of 29 BOR genes were identified in five major cereals, including three BORs in each Brachypodium distachyon and Sorghum bicolor, four in Oryza sativa, six in Zea mays, and 13 in Triticum aestivum. Multiple sequence alignments, domain structure analyses, and phylogenetic analysis indicated the conserved nature of the BOR protein family. Duplication events and Ka/Ks analysis of TaBORs showed the role of segmental duplication events and purifying selection in the expansion of the BOR family in T. aestivum. Furthermore, in silico expression and co-expression analyses under biotic and abiotic stress conditions depicted their involvement in combating such conditions. Moreover, qRT-PCR of TaBORs in B treatment suggested the roles of BOR genes in B stress management. The present study hints at the conserved nature of BOR proteins and their different aspects. The study will lay down a way for several crop improvement programs.
Keywords: BOR; boron; T. aestivum; stress; qRT-PCR BOR; boron; T. aestivum; stress; qRT-PCR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sharma, H.; Sharma, A.; Rajput, R.; Sidhu, S.; Dhillon, H.; Verma, P.C.; Pandey, A.; Upadhyay, S.K. Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of BOR Genes in Important Cereals. Plants 2022, 11, 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070911

AMA Style

Sharma H, Sharma A, Rajput R, Sidhu S, Dhillon H, Verma PC, Pandey A, Upadhyay SK. Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of BOR Genes in Important Cereals. Plants. 2022; 11(7):911. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070911

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sharma, Himanshu, Alok Sharma, Ruchika Rajput, Sukhjeet Sidhu, Harpal Dhillon, Praveen Chandra Verma, Ashutosh Pandey, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay. 2022. "Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of BOR Genes in Important Cereals" Plants 11, no. 7: 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070911

APA Style

Sharma, H., Sharma, A., Rajput, R., Sidhu, S., Dhillon, H., Verma, P. C., Pandey, A., & Upadhyay, S. K. (2022). Molecular Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Profiling of BOR Genes in Important Cereals. Plants, 11(7), 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070911

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