Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessment of In Vitro Antagonism against Selected Fungal Phytopathogens
2.2. Elucidation of the Volatilomes of Strains PICF6 and PICF7
2.3. Evaluation of the Antagonistic Effect of VOCs Emitted by Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 and Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 against Verticillium dahliae
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Microorganisms and Growth Conditions
4.2. In Vitro Antagonism Assays
4.3. Identification of the Volatilomes of Strains PICF6 and PICF7
4.4. Effect of Bacterial Volatiles on Mycelial Growth of Verticillium dahliae V937I
4.5. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathogens | Ss | Rs | Fol 007 | ELV25 | V937I | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Media | PDA | NA | PDA | NA | PDA | NA | PDA | NA | PDA | NA |
Bacterial strains | ||||||||||
Paenibacillus polymyxa | ||||||||||
PIC73 | 72.62 a | 68.44 a | 59.23 a | 51.15 a | 52.94 a | - | 66.89 a | 56.25 a | Nd 1 | Nd 1 |
Pseudomonas | ||||||||||
PICF6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 33.78 b | 21.88 b | 40.96 a | 29.72 a |
PICF7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31.08 b | 20.00 b | 41.49 a | 21.70 a |
VOCs in the Absence of V. dahliae V937I | VOCs in the Presence of V. dahliae V937I | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predicted Compound (IUPAC) | PICF6 | PICF7 | PICF6 | PICF7 | Kovats Index | Reported Biological Functions | References |
Methanethiol | x | x | x | x | 401 | n.a | |
(Methylsulfanyl)methane | o | x | o | x | 520 | n.a | |
S-Methyl ethanethioate | x | o | x | x | 700 | Antifungal activity | [53,54] |
4-Methyl-2-pentanone | - | x | - | x | 735 | n.a | |
(Methyldisulfanyl)methane | x | x | x | x | 746 | Antifungal activity, PGP | [47,55,56] |
Bis(methylsulfanyl)methane | - | x | - | - | 862 | n.a | |
(3E)-3-Nonene | x | x | x | x | 889 | n.a | |
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine | x | x | o | - | 917 | Antifungal activity | [57] |
Dimethyltrisulfane | o | x | x | x | 970 | Antifungal activity | [47] |
1-Decene | x | x | x | x | 989 | Antifungal activity, PGP | [58,59] |
1,10-Undecadiene | x | x | x | x | 1081 | n.a | |
1-Undecene | x | x | x | x | 1091 | Antifungal activity | [60] |
4-Methyl-2,6-bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenol | - | - | x | x | 1513 | Antifungal activity | [61] |
3,7-Dimethyl-1-octene | - | - | x | x | 963 | n.a | |
Tridecane | o | x | x | - | 1300 | PGP | [62] |
(3Z)-3-Dodecene | x | o | o | - | 1185 | n.a | |
2-Decyloxirane | - | x | - | - | 1307 | Antifungal activity | [51] |
2,6,11-Trimethyldodecane | o | - | o | - | 1275 | n.a | |
Methyl thiocyanate | x | - | - | - | 702 | Antifungal activity | [54] |
1-Tridecyne | - | - | o | - | 1297 | n.a | |
2-Undecanone | - | - | x | - | 1294 | Antifungal activity | [47] |
2-Undecanol | - | - | x | - | 1308 | Antifungal activity, nematicidal activity | [63,64] |
2-Nonanol | - | - | o | - | 1101 | Nematicidal activity | [63] |
10-Methyl-1-undecene | - | - | x | - | 1157 | n.a |
PDA | NA | |
---|---|---|
Control | 1.96 a | 2.23 a |
PICF6 | 1.73 a | 1.91 a |
PICF7 | 1.83 a | 1.90 a |
Microorganisms | Description | Reference/Source |
---|---|---|
Bacterial strains | ||
Paenibacilluspolymyxa PIC73 | BCA | [24] |
Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 | BCA | [28,39] |
Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 | BCA/PGPR | [33,35] |
Fungal pathogens | ||
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Fol 007 | Isolated from tomato roots (Solanum lycopersicum) | Graz University of Technology |
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn | Isolated from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) | Graz University of Technology |
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary 1884 | Isolated from a bait system with sclerotia in potato tubers | Graz University of Technology |
Verticillium dahliae V937I | Representative of the defoliating pathotype, originating from a diseased olive tree | [72] |
Verticillium longisporum ELV25 | Isolated from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera) (Karin Zeise, Rostock) | [73] |
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Montes-Osuna, N.; Cernava, T.; Gómez-Lama Cabanás, C.; Berg, G.; Mercado-Blanco, J. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots. Plants 2022, 11, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030318
Montes-Osuna N, Cernava T, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Berg G, Mercado-Blanco J. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots. Plants. 2022; 11(3):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030318
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontes-Osuna, Nuria, Tomislav Cernava, Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás, Gabriele Berg, and Jesús Mercado-Blanco. 2022. "Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots" Plants 11, no. 3: 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030318