Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material, Growth Conditions, and flg22 Treatment
2.2. Histochemical Assays
2.3. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging
2.4. Plant Hormone Analysis
2.5. LC-MS-Based Proteomics Assays and Bioinformatic Analysis
2.6. GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Analyses and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
2.7. Transcriptomic Data Mining
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. CK Deficiency Altered flg22-Triggered Early Defence Events
3.2. CK Deficiency Is Involved in the Regulation of Plant Photosynthesis upon Flg22 Peptide Application
3.3. Flg22-Triggered SA Synthesis Was Inhibited by CK Deficiency, While JA Synthesis Seems to Be CK-Independent
3.4. CK Deficiency Specifically Enhanced Amino Acid Biosynthesis and Increased the Sucrose and D-Mannose Concentration in Arabidopsis Leaves upon Flg22 Peptide Application
3.5. CK Deficiency Altered the Abundance of Proteins Related to Defence Response, Amino Acid Biosynthesis, and Cell Wall Integrity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pan, L.; Berka, M.; Černý, M.; Novák, J.; Luklová, M.; Brzobohatý, B.; Saiz-Fernández, I. Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. Plants 2022, 11, 2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162123
Pan L, Berka M, Černý M, Novák J, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Saiz-Fernández I. Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. Plants. 2022; 11(16):2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162123
Chicago/Turabian StylePan, Ling, Miroslav Berka, Martin Černý, Jan Novák, Markéta Luklová, Břetislav Brzobohatý, and Iñigo Saiz-Fernández. 2022. "Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants" Plants 11, no. 16: 2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162123