Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
2
Agricultural Research Centre, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Cairo 12619, Egypt
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Anelia Dobrikova
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1969; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091969
Received: 27 July 2021
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Revised: 14 September 2021
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Accepted: 18 September 2021
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Published: 21 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop and Medical Plants Volume II)
Oxidative stress is imparted by a varying range of environmental factors involving heavy metal stress. Thus, the mechanisms of antioxidant resistance may advance a policy to improve metal tolerance. Lead as a toxic heavy metal negatively affects the metabolic activities and growth of medicinal and aromatic plants. This investigation aimed to assess the function of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the alleviation of Pb stress in sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.) grown either hydroponically or in pots. Various concentrations of Pb (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) and different concentrations of ALA (0, 10, and 20 mg L−1) were tested. This investigation showed that Pb altered the physiological parameters. Pb stress differentially reduced germination percentage and protein content compared to control plants. However, lead stress promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents in the treated plants. Also, lead stress enhanced the anti-oxidative enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase superoxide, dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in Salvia plants. ALA application enhanced the germination percentage and protein content compared to their corresponding controls. Whereas, under ALA application MDA and H2O2 contents, as well as the activities of SOD, APX, GPX, and GR, were lowered. These findings suggest that ALA at the 20 mgL−1 level protects the Salvia plant from Pb stress. Therefore, the results recommend ALA application to alleviate Pb stress.
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Keywords:
Salvia officinalis; lead; 5-aminolevulinic acid; germination; malondialdehyde; antioxidant enzymes
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MDPI and ACS Style
El-Shora, H.M.; Massoud, G.F.; El-Sherbeny, G.A.; Alrdahe, S.S.; Darwish, D.B. Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). Plants 2021, 10, 1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091969
AMA Style
El-Shora HM, Massoud GF, El-Sherbeny GA, Alrdahe SS, Darwish DB. Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). Plants. 2021; 10(9):1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091969
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Shora, Hamed M., Gehan F. Massoud, Ghada A. El-Sherbeny, Salma S. Alrdahe, and Doaa B. Darwish. 2021. "Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)" Plants 10, no. 9: 1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091969
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