Ecological Network Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance for the City of Nanjing, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Acquisition and Processing
2.3. Selection and Calculation of the Landscape Pattern Indexes
Class-Level Indexes | Ecological Meaning | Calculation Equation |
---|---|---|
PLAND | Reflecting the situation of landscape grouping | (represents the area of patch ; A represents total area of the landscape) |
AREA_MN | Reflecting the aggregation or fragmentation degree of the landscape patches | (A represents total area of the landscape; N represents the number of the whole patches) |
PD | Reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape | (n represents the number of patches; A represents total area of the landscape) |
LSI | Reflecting the variability of the landscape patches | (E represents the total length of all patch boundaries in the landscape; A represents total area of the landscape) |
AI | Describing the agglomeration degree of different components in the landscape | (100) ( represents the number of adjacent patches in the corresponding landscape types) |
2.4. Construction of the Ecological Network
Landscape-level Indexes | Ecological Meaning | Calculation Equation |
---|---|---|
SHDI | Investigating the diversity of the landscape pattern | ( represents the ratio that a certain type of patch accounts for in the whole landscape) |
SHAPE_AM | Reflecting the complexity of the shape of the patches | ( represents the perimeter of the patch ij; represents the area of the patch ij) |
FRAC-AM | Reflecting the complexity degree of the shape of average patches in the landscape | ( represents the perimeter of the patch ij; represents the area of the patch ij) |
SI | Reflecting the complexity of the landscape space structure | ( represents the perimeter of the patch ij; represents the area of the patch ij) |
SHEI | Reflecting the uneven distribution degree of area for each patch in the landscape | (represents the ratio that the area of patch k accounts for in the whole landscape; n represents the total number of patch types in the landscape) |
3. Results
3.1. Analysis on the Characteristics of the Landscape Pattern Change
3.1.1. Class-Level
Land Cover Types | Year | PLAND | AREA_MN | PD | LSI | AI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farmland | 1990 | 67.19 | 263.01 | 0.25 | 82.62 | 92.51 |
2000 | 65.95 | 220.42 | 0.30 | 73.12 | 93.42 | |
2010 | 54.58 | 214.73 | 0.81 | 87.46 | 91.32 | |
Water | 1990 | 11.63 | 19.56 | 0.91 | 66.75 | 79.57 |
2000 | 8.49 | 21.03 | 0.63 | 50.80 | 80.70 | |
2010 | 11.09 | 22.42 | 0.34 | 45.25 | 86.93 | |
Forest | 1990 | 7.15 | 14.91 | 0.37 | 46.05 | 87.48 |
2000 | 8.49 | 15.32 | 0.40 | 50.94 | 87.27 | |
2010 | 8.69 | 16.55 | 0.90 | 66.19 | 83.56 | |
Construction land | 1990 | 14.04 | 8.60 | 1.63 | 104.16 | 86.78 |
2000 | 15.93 | 10.29 | 1.55 | 104.76 | 88.09 | |
2010 | 25.65 | 20.38 | 0.90 | 90.27 | 90.13 |
3.1.2. Landscape-Level
Year | SHDI | SHAPE_AM | FRAC_AM | SPLIT | SHEI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 1.01 | 34.23 | 1.29 | 5.13 | 0.73 |
2000 | 1 | 27.80 | 1.28 | 5.99 | 0.72 |
2010 | 1.135 | 22.48 | 1.27 | 10.08 | 0.82 |
3.2. Creation of the Ecological Network
3.2.1. Extraction of Ecological Nodes
Type | Name | Location | Function |
---|---|---|---|
Forest park | Purple Mountain Forest Park | Jiangning District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection |
Laoshan Forest Park | Pukou District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection | |
Fangshan Forest Park | Liuhe District | Water source conservation Natural and human landscape protection | |
Pingshan Forest Park | Liuhe District | Natural and human landscape protection | |
Wuxiang Temple Forest Park | Lishui District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection | |
Dajingshan Forest Park | Gaochun District | Water source and soil conservation | |
Scenic area | Dragon Mountain Scenic Area | Pukou District | Natural and human landscape protection |
Mufu Mountain Scenic Area | Xiaguan District | Natural and human landscape protection | |
Lingyan Hill Scenic Area | Liuhe District | Geo-conservation Biodiversity protection | |
Qixia MountainScenic Area | Qixia District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection | |
Niushou Mountain Forest Park | Yuhuatai District | Natural and human landscape protection | |
Tang Hill National Geo-park | Jiangning District | Geological relic protection | |
Nanshan Scenic Area | Jiangning District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection | |
Mao Mountain Residual Branch | Lishui District Gaochun District | Biodiversity protection Water source conservation | |
Youzi Mountain Scenic Area | Gaochun District | Biodiversity, natural and human landscape protection | |
Wetland | Qiqiaoweng Wetland Park | Qinhuai District | Wetland ecosystem maintenance |
Xuanwu Lake Wetland Park | Xuanwu District | Wetland ecosystem maintenance | |
Gucheng Lake Natural Reserve | Gaochun District | Water and aquatic resources | |
Shijiu Lake | Lishui District Gaochun District | Natural and human landscape protection | |
Wetland by Yangtze river | Xinsheng island, Xinji island, Zaisheng island | Wetland ecosystem maintenance | |
Shanhu Reservoir | Liuhe District | Irrigated agriculture | |
Daquan Reservoir | Liuhe District | Irrigated agriculture | |
Zheshantou Reservoir | Jingqiao Town | Irrigated agriculture | |
Yaojia Reservoir | Jingqiao Town | Irrigated agriculture | |
Wolong Mountain Reservoir | Lishui District | Irrigated agriculture | |
Zhongshan Reservoir | Lishui District | Irrigated agriculture Water source and water quality protection | |
Fangbian Reservoir | Lishui District | Irrigated agriculture Water source and water quality protection | |
Hewangba Reservoir | Liuhe District | Irrigated agriculture | |
Zhaocun Reservoir | Jiangning District | Irrigated agriculture | |
Yanziji Water Source | Northcity water plant | Water source and water quality | |
Baguazhou Water Source | Yuangu water plant | Water source and water quality | |
Jiangpu & Pukou Water Source | Jiangpu water plant | Water source and water quality | |
Baguazhou Spare Water Source | Jiangning District | Water source and water quality | |
Jiajiang Water Source | Jiangning District | Water source and water quality |
3.2.2. Ecological Network Construction
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dong, J.; Dai, W.; Shao, G.; Xu, J. Ecological Network Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance for the City of Nanjing, China. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4, 2045-2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4042045
Dong J, Dai W, Shao G, Xu J. Ecological Network Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance for the City of Nanjing, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2015; 4(4):2045-2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4042045
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Jihong, Wenting Dai, Guoquan Shao, and Jiren Xu. 2015. "Ecological Network Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance for the City of Nanjing, China" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 4, no. 4: 2045-2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4042045