Economic Assessment of the Use Value of Geospatial Information
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Estimating the Economic Impacts of Geospatial Technology: A Model of Technological Innovation
- (1)
- Decide whose benefits and costs count and identify relevant geospatial data and information;
- (2)
- Determine the potential impacts and select measurement indicators;
- (3)
- Predict the quantitative impacts of the project;
- (4)
- Monetize all impacts at a discount rate to estimate the net present value of the benefits of the project;
- (5)
- Estimate the net benefits and perform sensitivity analysis.
3. Example 1. An Inductive Retrospective Model—Environmental Regulation of Agrochemicals: Geospatial Data Provide Information for Regional Environmental and Health Policy Decisions
3.1. Background
3.2. Analysis
3.3. Results
3.4. Summary
4. Example 2. An Inductive Prospective Model—An Application to Earthquake Hazards Mitigation and Income Distribution: Geospatial Information Provides Input for Earthquake Housing Risk Concentration in a Hazard Scenario for a Hazard Scenario
4.1. Background
4.2. Analysis
- (1)
- Apply hazard scenario to indicate the presence and significance of risk concentration by type of housing as a threshold for public sector intervention. If the risk concentration index is negative, this means there is a risk concentration for lower income groups for a given housing type.
- (2)
- Identify census tracts with damage clusters of at least 10 extensive and complete damaged multi-family buildings from the scenario. The threshold for the number of buildings at 10 was chosen as a reasonable approximation to what would be considered a significant impact to closely spaced structures in a census tract in an urban area [24].
- (3)
- Intersect damage clusters with a poverty threshold by census tract.
- (4)
- Estimate the net benefit of regulatory mitigation and compare the results of expected outcomes with voluntary mitigation for census tracts identified in steps (1)–(3). If the four criteria are met, the cost minimizing regulation program could be made available for all multi-family buildings in a census tract to avoid any missed special circumstances.
4.3. Results
4.4. Summary
5. Example 3: A Private—Public Integrated Market Model for Ecosystem Services Markets. An Application of Geospatial Information can Provide an Objective, Replicable Accounting Framework to Reduce Transactions Costs in Environmental Market(s) Activities
5.1. Background
5.2. Analysis
5.3. Summary
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
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Bernknopf, R.; Shapiro, C. Economic Assessment of the Use Value of Geospatial Information. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4, 1142-1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031142
Bernknopf R, Shapiro C. Economic Assessment of the Use Value of Geospatial Information. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2015; 4(3):1142-1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031142
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernknopf, Richard, and Carl Shapiro. 2015. "Economic Assessment of the Use Value of Geospatial Information" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 4, no. 3: 1142-1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031142
APA StyleBernknopf, R., & Shapiro, C. (2015). Economic Assessment of the Use Value of Geospatial Information. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(3), 1142-1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031142